Three Phages from a Boreal Lake during Ice Cover Infecting <i>Xylophilus</i>, <i>Caulobacter</i>, and <i>Polaromonas</i> Species
Although the important role of microbes in freshwater is well understood, studies on phage–host systems in such environments during ice cover are completely lacking. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of three new bacteriophages infecting <i>Xylophilus</i> sp., <i>...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/307 |
| _version_ | 1797617888914309120 |
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| author | Elina Laanto Hanna M. Oksanen |
| author_facet | Elina Laanto Hanna M. Oksanen |
| author_sort | Elina Laanto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although the important role of microbes in freshwater is well understood, studies on phage–host systems in such environments during ice cover are completely lacking. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of three new bacteriophages infecting <i>Xylophilus</i> sp., <i>Caudobacter</i> sp., and <i>Polaromonas</i> sp. from freshwater samples taken under the ice cover of Lake Konnevesi, Finland. Lumi, Kuura, and Tiera bacteriophages have tailed icosahedral virions and double-stranded DNA. Lumi is a siphophage with a genome of 80,496 bp, and Kuura and Tiera are podophages, and their genomes are 43,205 and 45,327 bp in length, resembling viruses in the class <i>Caudoviricetes</i>. Their host ranges were very limited among the winter-isolated bacterial strains from Konnevesi, each infecting only their own hosts. They can infect efficiently at 4 °C, showing that they are adapted to living in lake water under ice cover. Analysis of the viral genome sequences showed that a significant number of the gene products of each virus are unique, indicating that there is unexplored viral diversity in freshwaters. To our knowledge, Lumi and Tiera are the first phages isolated on the <i>Xylophilus</i> sp. and <i>Polaromonas</i> sp. strains, allowing their exploitation in further studies of freshwater bacterial–phage interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:01:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef7ee8bd11674ef5adf070c28337bbb4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:01:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef7ee8bd11674ef5adf070c28337bbb42023-11-16T23:47:14ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-01-0115230710.3390/v15020307Three Phages from a Boreal Lake during Ice Cover Infecting <i>Xylophilus</i>, <i>Caulobacter</i>, and <i>Polaromonas</i> SpeciesElina Laanto0Hanna M. Oksanen1Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandMolecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandAlthough the important role of microbes in freshwater is well understood, studies on phage–host systems in such environments during ice cover are completely lacking. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of three new bacteriophages infecting <i>Xylophilus</i> sp., <i>Caudobacter</i> sp., and <i>Polaromonas</i> sp. from freshwater samples taken under the ice cover of Lake Konnevesi, Finland. Lumi, Kuura, and Tiera bacteriophages have tailed icosahedral virions and double-stranded DNA. Lumi is a siphophage with a genome of 80,496 bp, and Kuura and Tiera are podophages, and their genomes are 43,205 and 45,327 bp in length, resembling viruses in the class <i>Caudoviricetes</i>. Their host ranges were very limited among the winter-isolated bacterial strains from Konnevesi, each infecting only their own hosts. They can infect efficiently at 4 °C, showing that they are adapted to living in lake water under ice cover. Analysis of the viral genome sequences showed that a significant number of the gene products of each virus are unique, indicating that there is unexplored viral diversity in freshwaters. To our knowledge, Lumi and Tiera are the first phages isolated on the <i>Xylophilus</i> sp. and <i>Polaromonas</i> sp. strains, allowing their exploitation in further studies of freshwater bacterial–phage interactions.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/307virus isolationphage genomicsfreshwater phage<i>Xylophilus</i> phage<i>Caudobacter</i> phage<i>Polaromonas</i> phage |
| spellingShingle | Elina Laanto Hanna M. Oksanen Three Phages from a Boreal Lake during Ice Cover Infecting <i>Xylophilus</i>, <i>Caulobacter</i>, and <i>Polaromonas</i> Species Viruses virus isolation phage genomics freshwater phage <i>Xylophilus</i> phage <i>Caudobacter</i> phage <i>Polaromonas</i> phage |
| title | Three Phages from a Boreal Lake during Ice Cover Infecting <i>Xylophilus</i>, <i>Caulobacter</i>, and <i>Polaromonas</i> Species |
| title_full | Three Phages from a Boreal Lake during Ice Cover Infecting <i>Xylophilus</i>, <i>Caulobacter</i>, and <i>Polaromonas</i> Species |
| title_fullStr | Three Phages from a Boreal Lake during Ice Cover Infecting <i>Xylophilus</i>, <i>Caulobacter</i>, and <i>Polaromonas</i> Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three Phages from a Boreal Lake during Ice Cover Infecting <i>Xylophilus</i>, <i>Caulobacter</i>, and <i>Polaromonas</i> Species |
| title_short | Three Phages from a Boreal Lake during Ice Cover Infecting <i>Xylophilus</i>, <i>Caulobacter</i>, and <i>Polaromonas</i> Species |
| title_sort | three phages from a boreal lake during ice cover infecting i xylophilus i i caulobacter i and i polaromonas i species |
| topic | virus isolation phage genomics freshwater phage <i>Xylophilus</i> phage <i>Caudobacter</i> phage <i>Polaromonas</i> phage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/307 |
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