Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative Synthesis
A viral spread occurrence such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted the evaluation of different disinfectants suitable for a wide range of environmental matrices. Chlorine dioxide (ClO<sub>2</sub>) represents one of the most-used virucidal agents in different settings effective agains...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/8/1017 |
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| author | Michele Totaro Federica Badalucco Anna Laura Costa Benedetta Tuvo Beatrice Casini Gaetano Privitera Giovanni Battista Menchini Fabris Angelo Baggiani |
| author_facet | Michele Totaro Federica Badalucco Anna Laura Costa Benedetta Tuvo Beatrice Casini Gaetano Privitera Giovanni Battista Menchini Fabris Angelo Baggiani |
| author_sort | Michele Totaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A viral spread occurrence such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted the evaluation of different disinfectants suitable for a wide range of environmental matrices. Chlorine dioxide (ClO<sub>2</sub>) represents one of the most-used virucidal agents in different settings effective against both enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. This narrative synthesis is focused on the effectiveness of ClO<sub>2</sub> applied in healthcare and community settings in order to eliminate respiratory transmitted, enteric, and bloodborne viruses. Influenza viruses were reduced by 99.9% by 0.5–1.0 mg/L of ClO<sub>2</sub> in less than 5 min. Higher concentration (20 mg/L) eliminated SARS-CoV-2 from sewage. ClO<sub>2</sub> concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/L ensured at least a 99% viral reduction of AD40, HAV, Coxsackie B5 virus, and other enteric viruses in less than 30 min. Considering bloodborne viruses, 30 mg/L of ClO<sub>2</sub> can eliminate them in 5 min. Bloodborne viruses (HIV-1, HCV, and HBV) may be completely eliminated from medical devices and human fluids after a treatment with 30 mg/L of ClO<sub>2</sub> for 30 min. In conclusion, ClO<sub>2</sub> is a versatile virucidal agent suitable for different environmental matrices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:29:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef800a89c6a24a58a3f4e507e0771141 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:29:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef800a89c6a24a58a3f4e507e07711412023-11-22T09:09:32ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-08-01108101710.3390/pathogens10081017Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative SynthesisMichele Totaro0Federica Badalucco1Anna Laura Costa2Benedetta Tuvo3Beatrice Casini4Gaetano Privitera5Giovanni Battista Menchini Fabris6Angelo Baggiani7Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalySan Rossore Dental Unit, 56122 San Rossore, ItalyDepartment of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyA viral spread occurrence such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted the evaluation of different disinfectants suitable for a wide range of environmental matrices. Chlorine dioxide (ClO<sub>2</sub>) represents one of the most-used virucidal agents in different settings effective against both enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. This narrative synthesis is focused on the effectiveness of ClO<sub>2</sub> applied in healthcare and community settings in order to eliminate respiratory transmitted, enteric, and bloodborne viruses. Influenza viruses were reduced by 99.9% by 0.5–1.0 mg/L of ClO<sub>2</sub> in less than 5 min. Higher concentration (20 mg/L) eliminated SARS-CoV-2 from sewage. ClO<sub>2</sub> concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/L ensured at least a 99% viral reduction of AD40, HAV, Coxsackie B5 virus, and other enteric viruses in less than 30 min. Considering bloodborne viruses, 30 mg/L of ClO<sub>2</sub> can eliminate them in 5 min. Bloodborne viruses (HIV-1, HCV, and HBV) may be completely eliminated from medical devices and human fluids after a treatment with 30 mg/L of ClO<sub>2</sub> for 30 min. In conclusion, ClO<sub>2</sub> is a versatile virucidal agent suitable for different environmental matrices.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/8/1017chlorine dioxideSARS-CoV-2enteric virusesbloodborne viruses |
| spellingShingle | Michele Totaro Federica Badalucco Anna Laura Costa Benedetta Tuvo Beatrice Casini Gaetano Privitera Giovanni Battista Menchini Fabris Angelo Baggiani Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative Synthesis Pathogens chlorine dioxide SARS-CoV-2 enteric viruses bloodborne viruses |
| title | Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative Synthesis |
| title_full | Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative Synthesis |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative Synthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative Synthesis |
| title_short | Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative Synthesis |
| title_sort | effectiveness of disinfection with chlorine dioxide on respiratory transmitted enteric and bloodborne viruses a narrative synthesis |
| topic | chlorine dioxide SARS-CoV-2 enteric viruses bloodborne viruses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/8/1017 |
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