Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide Sorption
Activation treatments are often used as a means of increasing a biochar’s sorption capacity for agrochemical compounds but can also provide valuable insight into sorption mechanisms. This work investigates the effects of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> activation on a lo...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-09-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/10/588 |
| _version_ | 1818740697637847040 |
|---|---|
| author | Beatriz Gámiz Kathleen Hall Kurt A. Spokas Lucia Cox |
| author_facet | Beatriz Gámiz Kathleen Hall Kurt A. Spokas Lucia Cox |
| author_sort | Beatriz Gámiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Activation treatments are often used as a means of increasing a biochar’s sorption capacity for agrochemical compounds but can also provide valuable insight into sorption mechanisms. This work investigates the effects of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> activation on a low-temperature (350 °C) grape wood biochar, evaluates subsequent changes to the removal efficiency (RE) of cyhalofop and clomazone, and elucidates potential sorption mechanisms. Activation by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decreased the biochar pH, ash content, and C content. Additionally, the biochar O content and surface area increased following activation, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data suggested a slight increase in surface O groups and a decrease in aliphatic C. Cyhalofop RE significantly increased following activation, while clomazone RE was unchanged. The increased sorption of cyhalofop was attributed to pH effects and charge-based interactions with biochar O moieties. Results from this study suggest that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> activation treatments on low-temperature biochars may improve the removal of organic acid herbicides but are of little value in optimizing the removal of polar, non-ionizable herbicides. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:44:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef9b764fde924263a4abb61ec8a474ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:44:51Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef9b764fde924263a4abb61ec8a474ba2022-12-21T21:25:13ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952019-09-0191058810.3390/agronomy9100588agronomy9100588Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide SorptionBeatriz Gámiz0Kathleen Hall1Kurt A. Spokas2Lucia Cox3Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Reina Mercedes, Av. 10, 41012 Seville, SpainDepartment of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Cir., St. Paul, MN 55101, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN 55101, USAInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Reina Mercedes, Av. 10, 41012 Seville, SpainActivation treatments are often used as a means of increasing a biochar’s sorption capacity for agrochemical compounds but can also provide valuable insight into sorption mechanisms. This work investigates the effects of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> activation on a low-temperature (350 °C) grape wood biochar, evaluates subsequent changes to the removal efficiency (RE) of cyhalofop and clomazone, and elucidates potential sorption mechanisms. Activation by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decreased the biochar pH, ash content, and C content. Additionally, the biochar O content and surface area increased following activation, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data suggested a slight increase in surface O groups and a decrease in aliphatic C. Cyhalofop RE significantly increased following activation, while clomazone RE was unchanged. The increased sorption of cyhalofop was attributed to pH effects and charge-based interactions with biochar O moieties. Results from this study suggest that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> activation treatments on low-temperature biochars may improve the removal of organic acid herbicides but are of little value in optimizing the removal of polar, non-ionizable herbicides.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/10/588activated charcoalagingpesticides |
| spellingShingle | Beatriz Gámiz Kathleen Hall Kurt A. Spokas Lucia Cox Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide Sorption Agronomy activated charcoal aging pesticides |
| title | Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide Sorption |
| title_full | Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide Sorption |
| title_fullStr | Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide Sorption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide Sorption |
| title_short | Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide Sorption |
| title_sort | understanding activation effects on low temperature biochar for optimization of herbicide sorption |
| topic | activated charcoal aging pesticides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/10/588 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT beatrizgamiz understandingactivationeffectsonlowtemperaturebiocharforoptimizationofherbicidesorption AT kathleenhall understandingactivationeffectsonlowtemperaturebiocharforoptimizationofherbicidesorption AT kurtaspokas understandingactivationeffectsonlowtemperaturebiocharforoptimizationofherbicidesorption AT luciacox understandingactivationeffectsonlowtemperaturebiocharforoptimizationofherbicidesorption |