NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Toxicity, Which Is Mainly Determined by the High NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> Ratio, Is Alleviated by CIPK23 in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
Ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) toxicity is always accompanied by ion imbalances, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) exhibit a competitive correlation in their uptake and transport processes. In <i>Arab...
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/4/501 |
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| author | Sujuan Shi Fangzheng Xu Yuqian Ge Jingjing Mao Lulu An Shuaijun Deng Zia Ullah Xuefeng Yuan Guanshan Liu Haobao Liu Qian Wang |
| author_facet | Sujuan Shi Fangzheng Xu Yuqian Ge Jingjing Mao Lulu An Shuaijun Deng Zia Ullah Xuefeng Yuan Guanshan Liu Haobao Liu Qian Wang |
| author_sort | Sujuan Shi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) toxicity is always accompanied by ion imbalances, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) exhibit a competitive correlation in their uptake and transport processes. In <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, the typical leaf chlorosis phenotype in the knockout mutant of <i>calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 23</i> (<i>CIPK23</i>) is high-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-dependent under low-K<sup>+</sup> condition. However, the correlation of K<sup>+</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in the occurrence of leaf chlorosis in the <i>cipk23</i> mutant has not been deeply elucidated. Here, a modified hydroponic experimental system with different gradients of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> was applied. Comparative treatments showed that NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> toxicity, which is triggered mainly by the high ratio of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> to K<sup>+</sup> (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ≥ 10:1 for <i>cipk23</i>) but not by the absolute concentrations of the ions, results in leaf chlorosis. Under high NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratios, <i>CIPK23</i> is upregulated abundantly in leaves and roots, which efficiently reduces the leaf chlorosis by regulating the contents of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> in plant shoots, while promoting the elongation of primary and lateral roots. Physiological data were obtained to further confirm the role <i>CIPK23</i> in alleviating NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> toxicity. Taken all together, <i>CIPK23</i> might function in different tissues to reduce stress-induced NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> toxicity associated with high NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratios by regulating the NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>–K<sup>+</sup> balance in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:29:33Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-efb0b082589f4a009750185b7583c0592023-11-19T21:34:17ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-04-019450110.3390/plants9040501NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Toxicity, Which Is Mainly Determined by the High NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> Ratio, Is Alleviated by CIPK23 in <i>Arabidopsis</i>Sujuan Shi0Fangzheng Xu1Yuqian Ge2Jingjing Mao3Lulu An4Shuaijun Deng5Zia Ullah6Xuefeng Yuan7Guanshan Liu8Haobao Liu9Qian Wang10Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, ChinaTobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, ChinaShandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271017, ChinaTobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, ChinaTobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, ChinaTobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, ChinaTobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, ChinaShandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271017, ChinaTobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, ChinaTobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, ChinaTobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, ChinaAmmonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) toxicity is always accompanied by ion imbalances, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) exhibit a competitive correlation in their uptake and transport processes. In <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, the typical leaf chlorosis phenotype in the knockout mutant of <i>calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 23</i> (<i>CIPK23</i>) is high-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-dependent under low-K<sup>+</sup> condition. However, the correlation of K<sup>+</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in the occurrence of leaf chlorosis in the <i>cipk23</i> mutant has not been deeply elucidated. Here, a modified hydroponic experimental system with different gradients of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> was applied. Comparative treatments showed that NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> toxicity, which is triggered mainly by the high ratio of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> to K<sup>+</sup> (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ≥ 10:1 for <i>cipk23</i>) but not by the absolute concentrations of the ions, results in leaf chlorosis. Under high NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratios, <i>CIPK23</i> is upregulated abundantly in leaves and roots, which efficiently reduces the leaf chlorosis by regulating the contents of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> in plant shoots, while promoting the elongation of primary and lateral roots. Physiological data were obtained to further confirm the role <i>CIPK23</i> in alleviating NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> toxicity. Taken all together, <i>CIPK23</i> might function in different tissues to reduce stress-induced NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> toxicity associated with high NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratios by regulating the NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>–K<sup>+</sup> balance in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/4/501NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> toxicity<i>CIPK</i>K<sup>+</sup>leaf chlorosisroot development |
| spellingShingle | Sujuan Shi Fangzheng Xu Yuqian Ge Jingjing Mao Lulu An Shuaijun Deng Zia Ullah Xuefeng Yuan Guanshan Liu Haobao Liu Qian Wang NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Toxicity, Which Is Mainly Determined by the High NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> Ratio, Is Alleviated by CIPK23 in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Plants NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> toxicity <i>CIPK</i> K<sup>+</sup> leaf chlorosis root development |
| title | NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Toxicity, Which Is Mainly Determined by the High NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> Ratio, Is Alleviated by CIPK23 in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_full | NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Toxicity, Which Is Mainly Determined by the High NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> Ratio, Is Alleviated by CIPK23 in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_fullStr | NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Toxicity, Which Is Mainly Determined by the High NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> Ratio, Is Alleviated by CIPK23 in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Toxicity, Which Is Mainly Determined by the High NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> Ratio, Is Alleviated by CIPK23 in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_short | NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Toxicity, Which Is Mainly Determined by the High NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> Ratio, Is Alleviated by CIPK23 in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_sort | nh sub 4 sub sup sup toxicity which is mainly determined by the high nh sub 4 sub sup sup k sup sup ratio is alleviated by cipk23 in i arabidopsis i |
| topic | NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> toxicity <i>CIPK</i> K<sup>+</sup> leaf chlorosis root development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/4/501 |
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