Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling as a Method for Reducing Energy Consumption in Ultra-Low-Power Embedded Systems
Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a technique used to optimize energy consumption in ultra-low-power embedded systems. To ensure sufficient computational capacity, the system must scale up its performance settings. The objective is to conserve energy in times of reduced computational d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/5/826 |
| _version_ | 1797264682514382848 |
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| author | Josip Zidar Tomislav Matić Ivan Aleksi Željko Hocenski |
| author_facet | Josip Zidar Tomislav Matić Ivan Aleksi Željko Hocenski |
| author_sort | Josip Zidar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a technique used to optimize energy consumption in ultra-low-power embedded systems. To ensure sufficient computational capacity, the system must scale up its performance settings. The objective is to conserve energy in times of reduced computational demand and/or when battery power is used. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Cyclic Redundancy Check 32 (CRC32), Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256), and Message-Digest Algorithm 5 (MD5) are focused functions that demand computational power to achieve energy-efficient performance. Selected operations are analyzed from the energy consumption perspective. In this manner, the energy required to perform a specific function is observed, thereby mitigating the influence of the instruction set or system architecture. For stable operating voltage scaling, an exponential model for voltage calculation is presented. Statistical significance tests are conducted to validate and support the findings. Results show that the proposed optimization technique reduces energy consumption for ultra-low-power applications from 27.74% to up to 47.74%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:32:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-efb8ab5a0506482b81c7a2963631d166 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:32:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-efb8ab5a0506482b81c7a2963631d1662024-03-12T16:42:17ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922024-02-0113582610.3390/electronics13050826Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling as a Method for Reducing Energy Consumption in Ultra-Low-Power Embedded SystemsJosip Zidar0Tomislav Matić1Ivan Aleksi2Željko Hocenski3Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, HR-31000 Osijek, CroatiaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, HR-31000 Osijek, CroatiaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, HR-31000 Osijek, CroatiaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, HR-31000 Osijek, CroatiaDynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a technique used to optimize energy consumption in ultra-low-power embedded systems. To ensure sufficient computational capacity, the system must scale up its performance settings. The objective is to conserve energy in times of reduced computational demand and/or when battery power is used. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Cyclic Redundancy Check 32 (CRC32), Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256), and Message-Digest Algorithm 5 (MD5) are focused functions that demand computational power to achieve energy-efficient performance. Selected operations are analyzed from the energy consumption perspective. In this manner, the energy required to perform a specific function is observed, thereby mitigating the influence of the instruction set or system architecture. For stable operating voltage scaling, an exponential model for voltage calculation is presented. Statistical significance tests are conducted to validate and support the findings. Results show that the proposed optimization technique reduces energy consumption for ultra-low-power applications from 27.74% to up to 47.74%.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/5/826DVFSdynamic voltage and frequency scalingmicrocontrollerembedded systemcode for energy |
| spellingShingle | Josip Zidar Tomislav Matić Ivan Aleksi Željko Hocenski Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling as a Method for Reducing Energy Consumption in Ultra-Low-Power Embedded Systems Electronics DVFS dynamic voltage and frequency scaling microcontroller embedded system code for energy |
| title | Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling as a Method for Reducing Energy Consumption in Ultra-Low-Power Embedded Systems |
| title_full | Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling as a Method for Reducing Energy Consumption in Ultra-Low-Power Embedded Systems |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling as a Method for Reducing Energy Consumption in Ultra-Low-Power Embedded Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling as a Method for Reducing Energy Consumption in Ultra-Low-Power Embedded Systems |
| title_short | Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling as a Method for Reducing Energy Consumption in Ultra-Low-Power Embedded Systems |
| title_sort | dynamic voltage and frequency scaling as a method for reducing energy consumption in ultra low power embedded systems |
| topic | DVFS dynamic voltage and frequency scaling microcontroller embedded system code for energy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/5/826 |
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