Toxoplasma–host endoplasmic reticulum interaction: How T. gondii activates unfolded protein response and modulates immune response
Toxoplasma gondii is a neurotropic single–celled zoonotic parasite that can infect human beings and animals. Infection with T. gondii is usually asymptomatic in immune–competent individual, however, it can cause symptomatic and life–threatening conditions in immunocompromised individuals and in deve...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Current Research in Microbial Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000051 |
| _version_ | 1797324373872345088 |
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| author | Obed Cudjoe Roger Afful Tonny Abraham Hagan |
| author_facet | Obed Cudjoe Roger Afful Tonny Abraham Hagan |
| author_sort | Obed Cudjoe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toxoplasma gondii is a neurotropic single–celled zoonotic parasite that can infect human beings and animals. Infection with T. gondii is usually asymptomatic in immune–competent individual, however, it can cause symptomatic and life–threatening conditions in immunocompromised individuals and in developing foetuses. Although the mechanisms that allow T. gondii to persist in host cells are poorly understood, studies in animal models have greatly improved our understanding of Toxoplasma–host cell interaction and how this interaction modulates parasite proliferation and development, host immune response and virulence of the parasite. T. gondii is capable of recruiting the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER), suggesting it may influence the host ER function. Herein, we provide an overview of T. gondii infection and the role of host ER during stressed conditions. Furthermore, we highlight studies that explore T. gondii's interaction with the host ER. We delve into how this interaction activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, we examine how T. gondii exploits these pathways to its advantage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:55:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-efbb8dd115604e5299d7300dd19281bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-5174 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:55:13Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Research in Microbial Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-efbb8dd115604e5299d7300dd19281bd2024-02-05T04:32:11ZengElsevierCurrent Research in Microbial Sciences2666-51742024-01-016100223Toxoplasma–host endoplasmic reticulum interaction: How T. gondii activates unfolded protein response and modulates immune responseObed Cudjoe0Roger Afful1Tonny Abraham Hagan2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences, DTD TDC Plot 30A, Klagon, Tema, Ghana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Corresponding author at: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences, DTD TDC Plot 30A, Klagon, Tema, GhanaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, ChinaToxoplasma gondii is a neurotropic single–celled zoonotic parasite that can infect human beings and animals. Infection with T. gondii is usually asymptomatic in immune–competent individual, however, it can cause symptomatic and life–threatening conditions in immunocompromised individuals and in developing foetuses. Although the mechanisms that allow T. gondii to persist in host cells are poorly understood, studies in animal models have greatly improved our understanding of Toxoplasma–host cell interaction and how this interaction modulates parasite proliferation and development, host immune response and virulence of the parasite. T. gondii is capable of recruiting the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER), suggesting it may influence the host ER function. Herein, we provide an overview of T. gondii infection and the role of host ER during stressed conditions. Furthermore, we highlight studies that explore T. gondii's interaction with the host ER. We delve into how this interaction activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, we examine how T. gondii exploits these pathways to its advantage.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000051Toxoplasma gondiiEndoplasmic reticulumER–stressUPRImmune responseApoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Obed Cudjoe Roger Afful Tonny Abraham Hagan Toxoplasma–host endoplasmic reticulum interaction: How T. gondii activates unfolded protein response and modulates immune response Current Research in Microbial Sciences Toxoplasma gondii Endoplasmic reticulum ER–stress UPR Immune response Apoptosis |
| title | Toxoplasma–host endoplasmic reticulum interaction: How T. gondii activates unfolded protein response and modulates immune response |
| title_full | Toxoplasma–host endoplasmic reticulum interaction: How T. gondii activates unfolded protein response and modulates immune response |
| title_fullStr | Toxoplasma–host endoplasmic reticulum interaction: How T. gondii activates unfolded protein response and modulates immune response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxoplasma–host endoplasmic reticulum interaction: How T. gondii activates unfolded protein response and modulates immune response |
| title_short | Toxoplasma–host endoplasmic reticulum interaction: How T. gondii activates unfolded protein response and modulates immune response |
| title_sort | toxoplasma host endoplasmic reticulum interaction how t gondii activates unfolded protein response and modulates immune response |
| topic | Toxoplasma gondii Endoplasmic reticulum ER–stress UPR Immune response Apoptosis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000051 |
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