Carbon Dots in Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors: Past, Present, and Future Directions
Pediatric brain tumors remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Though developments have been made in treating these malignancies, the blood–brain barrier, intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, and therapeutic toxicity pose challenges to improving outcomes. Varying types of nanopart...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9562 |
| _version_ | 1797597445276827648 |
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| author | Frederic A. Vallejo Ganesh Sigdel Eduardo A. Veliz Roger M. Leblanc Steven Vanni Regina M. Graham |
| author_facet | Frederic A. Vallejo Ganesh Sigdel Eduardo A. Veliz Roger M. Leblanc Steven Vanni Regina M. Graham |
| author_sort | Frederic A. Vallejo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pediatric brain tumors remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Though developments have been made in treating these malignancies, the blood–brain barrier, intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, and therapeutic toxicity pose challenges to improving outcomes. Varying types of nanoparticles, including metallic, organic, and micellar molecules of varying structures and compositions, have been investigated as a potential therapy to circumvent some of these inherent challenges. Carbon dots (CDs) have recently gained popularity as a novel nanoparticle with theranostic properties. This carbon-based modality is highly modifiable, allowing for conjugation to drugs, as well as tumor-specific ligands in an effort to more effectively target cancerous cells and reduce peripheral toxicity. CDs are being studied pre-clinically. The ClinicalTrials.gov site was queried using the search terms: brain tumor and nanoparticle, liposome, micelle, dendrimer, quantum dot, or carbon dot. At the time of this review, 36 studies were found, 6 of which included pediatric patients. Two of the six studies investigated nanoparticle drug formulations, whereas the other four studies were on varying liposomal nanoparticle formulations for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. Here, we reviewed the context of CDs within the broader realm of nanoparticles, their development, promising pre-clinical potential, and proposed future translational utility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:05:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-efd0ee1a1dd54ee382a5d67cbf803d52 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:05:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-efd0ee1a1dd54ee382a5d67cbf803d522023-11-18T08:00:47ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-05-012411956210.3390/ijms24119562Carbon Dots in Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors: Past, Present, and Future DirectionsFrederic A. Vallejo0Ganesh Sigdel1Eduardo A. Veliz2Roger M. Leblanc3Steven Vanni4Regina M. Graham5Department of Neurosurgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USAPediatric brain tumors remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Though developments have been made in treating these malignancies, the blood–brain barrier, intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, and therapeutic toxicity pose challenges to improving outcomes. Varying types of nanoparticles, including metallic, organic, and micellar molecules of varying structures and compositions, have been investigated as a potential therapy to circumvent some of these inherent challenges. Carbon dots (CDs) have recently gained popularity as a novel nanoparticle with theranostic properties. This carbon-based modality is highly modifiable, allowing for conjugation to drugs, as well as tumor-specific ligands in an effort to more effectively target cancerous cells and reduce peripheral toxicity. CDs are being studied pre-clinically. The ClinicalTrials.gov site was queried using the search terms: brain tumor and nanoparticle, liposome, micelle, dendrimer, quantum dot, or carbon dot. At the time of this review, 36 studies were found, 6 of which included pediatric patients. Two of the six studies investigated nanoparticle drug formulations, whereas the other four studies were on varying liposomal nanoparticle formulations for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. Here, we reviewed the context of CDs within the broader realm of nanoparticles, their development, promising pre-clinical potential, and proposed future translational utility.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9562pediatric brain tumorprecision medicinenanoparticlenanomedicinecancercarbon dot |
| spellingShingle | Frederic A. Vallejo Ganesh Sigdel Eduardo A. Veliz Roger M. Leblanc Steven Vanni Regina M. Graham Carbon Dots in Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors: Past, Present, and Future Directions International Journal of Molecular Sciences pediatric brain tumor precision medicine nanoparticle nanomedicine cancer carbon dot |
| title | Carbon Dots in Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors: Past, Present, and Future Directions |
| title_full | Carbon Dots in Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors: Past, Present, and Future Directions |
| title_fullStr | Carbon Dots in Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors: Past, Present, and Future Directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon Dots in Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors: Past, Present, and Future Directions |
| title_short | Carbon Dots in Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors: Past, Present, and Future Directions |
| title_sort | carbon dots in treatment of pediatric brain tumors past present and future directions |
| topic | pediatric brain tumor precision medicine nanoparticle nanomedicine cancer carbon dot |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9562 |
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