Spatio-Temporal Statistical Characterization of Boundary Kinematic Phenomena of Triaxial Sand Specimens
This paper follows up on a reference paper that inspired MDPI’s Topic “Stochastic Geomechanics: From Experimentation to Forward Modeling”, where global and local deformation effects on sand specimens are fully described from high resolution boundary displacement fields, and supported by its experime...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2189 |
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| author | Yichuan Zhu Zenon Medina-Cetina Alma Rosa Pineda-Contreras |
| author_facet | Yichuan Zhu Zenon Medina-Cetina Alma Rosa Pineda-Contreras |
| author_sort | Yichuan Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper follows up on a reference paper that inspired MDPI’s Topic “Stochastic Geomechanics: From Experimentation to Forward Modeling”, where global and local deformation effects on sand specimens are fully described from high resolution boundary displacement fields, and supported by its experimental database, which is open to the scientific community for further study. This paper introduces the use of spatio-temporal statistics from a subset of such an experimental database to characterize the specimens’ spatio-temporal displacement fields, populated by repeating a set of triaxial compression tests on drained, dry, vacuum-consolidated sand specimens, tested under similar experimentally controlled conditions. A three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technique was used to measure the specimens’ boundary displacement fields throughout the course of shearing under axial compression. Spatio-temporal first- and second-order statistics were computed for different data dimensionality conditions (0D, 0D-T, 1D-T, 3D-T) to identify and characterize the dominant failure mechanisms across different testing specimens. This allowed us to quantify localization phenomena’s spatio-temporal uncertainty. Results show that the uncertainty captured along the deformation process across different dimensionality conditions can be directly associated with different failure mechanisms, including localization patterns, such as the onset and evolution of shear, compression, and expansion bands. These spatio-temporal observations show the dependencies between locally distinctive displacement regions over a specimen’s surface, and across different times during a specimen’s shearing process. Results of this work provide boundary spatio-temporal statistics of experimental evidence in sands, which sets the basis for the development of research on the numerical simulation of sand’s constitutive behavior. Moreover, it allows to add a new understanding on the effect of uncertainty on the mechanistic interpretation of sands’ kinematic phenomena. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:28:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-efd4b90355df417ba33361642e5563d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:28:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-efd4b90355df417ba33361642e5563d02023-11-30T21:20:56ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-03-01156218910.3390/ma15062189Spatio-Temporal Statistical Characterization of Boundary Kinematic Phenomena of Triaxial Sand SpecimensYichuan Zhu0Zenon Medina-Cetina1Alma Rosa Pineda-Contreras2Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USAZachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USALaboratorio de Geoinformática, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Torre de Ingeniería 2° Piso, Circuito Escolar C.U., Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, MexicoThis paper follows up on a reference paper that inspired MDPI’s Topic “Stochastic Geomechanics: From Experimentation to Forward Modeling”, where global and local deformation effects on sand specimens are fully described from high resolution boundary displacement fields, and supported by its experimental database, which is open to the scientific community for further study. This paper introduces the use of spatio-temporal statistics from a subset of such an experimental database to characterize the specimens’ spatio-temporal displacement fields, populated by repeating a set of triaxial compression tests on drained, dry, vacuum-consolidated sand specimens, tested under similar experimentally controlled conditions. A three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technique was used to measure the specimens’ boundary displacement fields throughout the course of shearing under axial compression. Spatio-temporal first- and second-order statistics were computed for different data dimensionality conditions (0D, 0D-T, 1D-T, 3D-T) to identify and characterize the dominant failure mechanisms across different testing specimens. This allowed us to quantify localization phenomena’s spatio-temporal uncertainty. Results show that the uncertainty captured along the deformation process across different dimensionality conditions can be directly associated with different failure mechanisms, including localization patterns, such as the onset and evolution of shear, compression, and expansion bands. These spatio-temporal observations show the dependencies between locally distinctive displacement regions over a specimen’s surface, and across different times during a specimen’s shearing process. Results of this work provide boundary spatio-temporal statistics of experimental evidence in sands, which sets the basis for the development of research on the numerical simulation of sand’s constitutive behavior. Moreover, it allows to add a new understanding on the effect of uncertainty on the mechanistic interpretation of sands’ kinematic phenomena.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2189statistical analysis3D-DICspatio-temporal processlocalization effectstriaxial compression test |
| spellingShingle | Yichuan Zhu Zenon Medina-Cetina Alma Rosa Pineda-Contreras Spatio-Temporal Statistical Characterization of Boundary Kinematic Phenomena of Triaxial Sand Specimens Materials statistical analysis 3D-DIC spatio-temporal process localization effects triaxial compression test |
| title | Spatio-Temporal Statistical Characterization of Boundary Kinematic Phenomena of Triaxial Sand Specimens |
| title_full | Spatio-Temporal Statistical Characterization of Boundary Kinematic Phenomena of Triaxial Sand Specimens |
| title_fullStr | Spatio-Temporal Statistical Characterization of Boundary Kinematic Phenomena of Triaxial Sand Specimens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatio-Temporal Statistical Characterization of Boundary Kinematic Phenomena of Triaxial Sand Specimens |
| title_short | Spatio-Temporal Statistical Characterization of Boundary Kinematic Phenomena of Triaxial Sand Specimens |
| title_sort | spatio temporal statistical characterization of boundary kinematic phenomena of triaxial sand specimens |
| topic | statistical analysis 3D-DIC spatio-temporal process localization effects triaxial compression test |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2189 |
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