Common Shared Pathogenic Aspects of Small Vessels in Heart and Brain Disease
Small-vessel disease (SVD), also known as microvascular endothelial dysfunction, is a disorder with negative consequences for various organs such as the heart and brain. Impaired dilatation and constriction of small vessels in the heart lead to reduced blood flow and ischemia independently of corona...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/5/1009 |
| _version_ | 1797501412004855808 |
|---|---|
| author | Rita Moretti Milijana Janjusevic Alessandra Lucia Fluca Riccardo Saro Giulia Gagno Alessandro Pierri Laura Padoan Luca Restivo Agnese Derin Antonio Paolo Beltrami Paola Caruso Gianfranco Sinagra Aneta Aleksova |
| author_facet | Rita Moretti Milijana Janjusevic Alessandra Lucia Fluca Riccardo Saro Giulia Gagno Alessandro Pierri Laura Padoan Luca Restivo Agnese Derin Antonio Paolo Beltrami Paola Caruso Gianfranco Sinagra Aneta Aleksova |
| author_sort | Rita Moretti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Small-vessel disease (SVD), also known as microvascular endothelial dysfunction, is a disorder with negative consequences for various organs such as the heart and brain. Impaired dilatation and constriction of small vessels in the heart lead to reduced blood flow and ischemia independently of coronary artery disease (CAD) and are associated with major cardiac events. SVD is usually a silent form of subcortical vascular burden in the brain with various clinical manifestations, such as silent-lacunar-ischemic events and confluent white-matter hyperintensities. Imaging techniques are the main help for clinicians to diagnose cardiac and brain SVD correctly. Markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein, tumor-necrosis-factor α, and interleukin 6, provide insight into the disease and markers that negatively influence nitric-oxide bioavailability and promote oxidative stress. Unfortunately, the therapeutic approach against SVD is still not well-defined. In the last decades, various antioxidants, oxidative stress inhibitors, and superoxide scavengers have been the target of extensive investigations due to their potential therapeutic effect, but with unsatisfactory results. In clinical practice, traditional anti-ischemic and risk-reduction therapies for CAD are currently in use for SVD treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:18:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-efd98d3122b24460bd23a0fcb63746fb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:18:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-efd98d3122b24460bd23a0fcb63746fb2023-11-23T10:09:44ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-04-01105100910.3390/biomedicines10051009Common Shared Pathogenic Aspects of Small Vessels in Heart and Brain DiseaseRita Moretti0Milijana Janjusevic1Alessandra Lucia Fluca2Riccardo Saro3Giulia Gagno4Alessandro Pierri5Laura Padoan6Luca Restivo7Agnese Derin8Antonio Paolo Beltrami9Paola Caruso10Gianfranco Sinagra11Aneta Aleksova12Department of Internal Medicine and Neurology, Neurological Clinic, 34100 Trieste, ItalyCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, ItalyCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, ItalyCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, ItalyCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, ItalyCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, ItalyCardiology and Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria Della Misericordia, 06156 Perugia, ItalyCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, ItalyCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Neurology, Neurological Clinic, 34100 Trieste, ItalyCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, ItalyCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, ItalySmall-vessel disease (SVD), also known as microvascular endothelial dysfunction, is a disorder with negative consequences for various organs such as the heart and brain. Impaired dilatation and constriction of small vessels in the heart lead to reduced blood flow and ischemia independently of coronary artery disease (CAD) and are associated with major cardiac events. SVD is usually a silent form of subcortical vascular burden in the brain with various clinical manifestations, such as silent-lacunar-ischemic events and confluent white-matter hyperintensities. Imaging techniques are the main help for clinicians to diagnose cardiac and brain SVD correctly. Markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein, tumor-necrosis-factor α, and interleukin 6, provide insight into the disease and markers that negatively influence nitric-oxide bioavailability and promote oxidative stress. Unfortunately, the therapeutic approach against SVD is still not well-defined. In the last decades, various antioxidants, oxidative stress inhibitors, and superoxide scavengers have been the target of extensive investigations due to their potential therapeutic effect, but with unsatisfactory results. In clinical practice, traditional anti-ischemic and risk-reduction therapies for CAD are currently in use for SVD treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/5/1009small-vessel diseasemicrovascular dysfunctioncoronary-artery diseaseischemic-heart diseasemyocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA)atrial fibrillation |
| spellingShingle | Rita Moretti Milijana Janjusevic Alessandra Lucia Fluca Riccardo Saro Giulia Gagno Alessandro Pierri Laura Padoan Luca Restivo Agnese Derin Antonio Paolo Beltrami Paola Caruso Gianfranco Sinagra Aneta Aleksova Common Shared Pathogenic Aspects of Small Vessels in Heart and Brain Disease Biomedicines small-vessel disease microvascular dysfunction coronary-artery disease ischemic-heart disease myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) atrial fibrillation |
| title | Common Shared Pathogenic Aspects of Small Vessels in Heart and Brain Disease |
| title_full | Common Shared Pathogenic Aspects of Small Vessels in Heart and Brain Disease |
| title_fullStr | Common Shared Pathogenic Aspects of Small Vessels in Heart and Brain Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Common Shared Pathogenic Aspects of Small Vessels in Heart and Brain Disease |
| title_short | Common Shared Pathogenic Aspects of Small Vessels in Heart and Brain Disease |
| title_sort | common shared pathogenic aspects of small vessels in heart and brain disease |
| topic | small-vessel disease microvascular dysfunction coronary-artery disease ischemic-heart disease myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) atrial fibrillation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/5/1009 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ritamoretti commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease AT milijanajanjusevic commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease AT alessandraluciafluca commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease AT riccardosaro commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease AT giuliagagno commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease AT alessandropierri commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease AT laurapadoan commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease AT lucarestivo commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease AT agnesederin commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease AT antoniopaolobeltrami commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease AT paolacaruso commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease AT gianfrancosinagra commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease AT anetaaleksova commonsharedpathogenicaspectsofsmallvesselsinheartandbraindisease |