Egg reappearance periods of anthelmintics against equine cyathostomins: The state of play revisited
Cyathostomins are the most common and highly prevalent parasites of horses worldwide. Historically, the control of cyathostomins has mainly relied on the routine use of anthelmintic products. Increasing reports on anthelmintic resistance (AR) in cyathostomins are concerning. A potential method propo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211320722000355 |
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| author | Stephanie L. Macdonald Ghazanfar Abbas Abdul Ghafar Charles G. Gauci Jenni Bauquier Charles El-Hage Brett Tennent-Brown Edwina J.A. Wilkes Anne Beasley Caroline Jacobson Lucy Cudmore Peter Carrigan John Hurley Ian Beveridge Kristopher J. Hughes Martin K. Nielsen Abdul Jabbar |
| author_facet | Stephanie L. Macdonald Ghazanfar Abbas Abdul Ghafar Charles G. Gauci Jenni Bauquier Charles El-Hage Brett Tennent-Brown Edwina J.A. Wilkes Anne Beasley Caroline Jacobson Lucy Cudmore Peter Carrigan John Hurley Ian Beveridge Kristopher J. Hughes Martin K. Nielsen Abdul Jabbar |
| author_sort | Stephanie L. Macdonald |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cyathostomins are the most common and highly prevalent parasites of horses worldwide. Historically, the control of cyathostomins has mainly relied on the routine use of anthelmintic products. Increasing reports on anthelmintic resistance (AR) in cyathostomins are concerning. A potential method proposed for detecting emerging AR in cyathostomins has been estimating the egg reappearance period (ERP). This paper reviews the data available for the ERP of cyathostomins against the three major classes of anthelmintics, macrocyclic lactones, tetrahydropyrimidines, and benzimidazoles. Published peer-reviewed original research articles were obtained from three databases (PubMed, CAB Direct and Web of Science) and were evaluated for their inclusion in a systematic review. Subsets of articles were then subjected to a review of ERP data. A total of 54 (of 134) studies published between 1972 and 2022 met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Until the beginning of 2022, there was no agreed definition of the ERP; eight definitions of ERP were identified in the literature, complicating the comparison between studies. Additionally, potential risk factors for the shortening of the ERP, including previous anthelmintic use and climate, were frequently not described. Reports of shortened ERP for moxidectin and ivermectin are frequent: 20 studies that used comparable ERP definitions reported shortened moxidectin and ivermectin ERPs of 35 and 28 days, respectively. It is unclear whether the ERPs of these anthelmintics reduced to such levels are due to the development of AR or some biological factors related to horses, cyathostomin species, and/or the environment. The ERPs for other anthelmintics, such as fenbendazole and pyrantel, were frequently not reported due to established resistance against these drugs. Future research in horses is required to understand the mechanism(s) behind the shortening of ERP for cyathostomins. Based on this systematic review, we propose recommendations for future ERP studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:21:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-efd9a44313d14f73b2ae9ea89a411d95 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-3207 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:21:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance |
| spelling | doaj.art-efd9a44313d14f73b2ae9ea89a411d952023-03-31T05:53:18ZengElsevierInternational Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance2211-32072023-04-01212839Egg reappearance periods of anthelmintics against equine cyathostomins: The state of play revisitedStephanie L. Macdonald0Ghazanfar Abbas1Abdul Ghafar2Charles G. Gauci3Jenni Bauquier4Charles El-Hage5Brett Tennent-Brown6Edwina J.A. Wilkes7Anne Beasley8Caroline Jacobson9Lucy Cudmore10Peter Carrigan11John Hurley12Ian Beveridge13Kristopher J. Hughes14Martin K. Nielsen15Abdul Jabbar16Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, AustraliaMelbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, AustraliaMelbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, AustraliaMelbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, AustraliaMelbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, AustraliaMelbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, AustraliaMelbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, AustraliaRacing Victoria, Flemington, Victoria, AustraliaSchool of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, AustraliaCentre for Animal Production and Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, AustraliaScone Equine Hospital, Scone, New South Wales, AustraliaScone Equine Hospital, Scone, New South Wales, AustraliaSwettenham Stud, Nagambie, Victoria, AustraliaMelbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, AustraliaSchool of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, AustraliaM.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USAMelbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia; Corresponding author.Cyathostomins are the most common and highly prevalent parasites of horses worldwide. Historically, the control of cyathostomins has mainly relied on the routine use of anthelmintic products. Increasing reports on anthelmintic resistance (AR) in cyathostomins are concerning. A potential method proposed for detecting emerging AR in cyathostomins has been estimating the egg reappearance period (ERP). This paper reviews the data available for the ERP of cyathostomins against the three major classes of anthelmintics, macrocyclic lactones, tetrahydropyrimidines, and benzimidazoles. Published peer-reviewed original research articles were obtained from three databases (PubMed, CAB Direct and Web of Science) and were evaluated for their inclusion in a systematic review. Subsets of articles were then subjected to a review of ERP data. A total of 54 (of 134) studies published between 1972 and 2022 met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Until the beginning of 2022, there was no agreed definition of the ERP; eight definitions of ERP were identified in the literature, complicating the comparison between studies. Additionally, potential risk factors for the shortening of the ERP, including previous anthelmintic use and climate, were frequently not described. Reports of shortened ERP for moxidectin and ivermectin are frequent: 20 studies that used comparable ERP definitions reported shortened moxidectin and ivermectin ERPs of 35 and 28 days, respectively. It is unclear whether the ERPs of these anthelmintics reduced to such levels are due to the development of AR or some biological factors related to horses, cyathostomin species, and/or the environment. The ERPs for other anthelmintics, such as fenbendazole and pyrantel, were frequently not reported due to established resistance against these drugs. Future research in horses is required to understand the mechanism(s) behind the shortening of ERP for cyathostomins. Based on this systematic review, we propose recommendations for future ERP studies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211320722000355Egg reappearance periodCyathostominsAnthelminticsAnthelmintic resistanceStrongylidHorse |
| spellingShingle | Stephanie L. Macdonald Ghazanfar Abbas Abdul Ghafar Charles G. Gauci Jenni Bauquier Charles El-Hage Brett Tennent-Brown Edwina J.A. Wilkes Anne Beasley Caroline Jacobson Lucy Cudmore Peter Carrigan John Hurley Ian Beveridge Kristopher J. Hughes Martin K. Nielsen Abdul Jabbar Egg reappearance periods of anthelmintics against equine cyathostomins: The state of play revisited International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance Egg reappearance period Cyathostomins Anthelmintics Anthelmintic resistance Strongylid Horse |
| title | Egg reappearance periods of anthelmintics against equine cyathostomins: The state of play revisited |
| title_full | Egg reappearance periods of anthelmintics against equine cyathostomins: The state of play revisited |
| title_fullStr | Egg reappearance periods of anthelmintics against equine cyathostomins: The state of play revisited |
| title_full_unstemmed | Egg reappearance periods of anthelmintics against equine cyathostomins: The state of play revisited |
| title_short | Egg reappearance periods of anthelmintics against equine cyathostomins: The state of play revisited |
| title_sort | egg reappearance periods of anthelmintics against equine cyathostomins the state of play revisited |
| topic | Egg reappearance period Cyathostomins Anthelmintics Anthelmintic resistance Strongylid Horse |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211320722000355 |
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