Strain Degeneration in <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>: A Genotype Dependent Oxidative Stress Process Which Triggers Oxidative Stress, Cellular Detoxifying and Cell Wall Reshaping Genes
Strain degeneration has been defined as a decrease or loss in the yield of important commercial traits resulting from subsequent culture, which ultimately leads to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> is a lignin-producing nematophagous edible mushroom. My...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/10/862 |
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| author | Gumer Pérez Federico Lopez-Moya Emilia Chuina María Ibañez-Vea Edurne Garde Luis V. López-Llorca Antonio G. Pisabarro Lucía Ramírez |
| author_facet | Gumer Pérez Federico Lopez-Moya Emilia Chuina María Ibañez-Vea Edurne Garde Luis V. López-Llorca Antonio G. Pisabarro Lucía Ramírez |
| author_sort | Gumer Pérez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Strain degeneration has been defined as a decrease or loss in the yield of important commercial traits resulting from subsequent culture, which ultimately leads to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> is a lignin-producing nematophagous edible mushroom. Mycelia for mushroom production are usually maintained in subsequent culture in solid media and frequently show symptoms of strain degeneration. The dikaryotic strain <i>P. ostreatus</i> (DkN001) has been used in our lab as a model organism for different purposes. Hence, different tools have been developed to uncover genetic and molecular aspects of this fungus. In this work, strain degeneration was studied in a full-sib monokaryotic progeny of the DkN001 strain with fast (F) and slow (S) growth rates by using different experimental approaches (light microscopy, malondialdehyde levels, whole-genome transcriptome analysis, and chitosan effect on monokaryotic mycelia). The results obtained showed that: (i) strain degeneration in <i>P. ostreatus</i> is linked to oxidative stress, (ii) the oxidative stress response in monokaryons is genotype dependent, (iii) stress and detoxifying genes are highly expressed in S monokaryons with symptoms of strain degeneration, (iv) chitosan addition to F and S monokaryons uncovered the constitutive expression of both oxidative stress and cellular detoxifying genes in S monokaryon strains which suggest their adaptation to oxidative stress, and (v) the overexpression of the cell wall genes, <i>Uap1</i> and <i>Cda1</i>, in S monokaryons with strain degeneration phenotype indicates cell wall reshaping and the activation of High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) and Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathways. These results could constitute a hallmark for mushroom producers to distinguish strain degeneration in commercial mushrooms. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:28:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-efdf17fad5a94c32b8a0f322a2f17ff52023-11-22T18:47:41ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-10-0171086210.3390/jof7100862Strain Degeneration in <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>: A Genotype Dependent Oxidative Stress Process Which Triggers Oxidative Stress, Cellular Detoxifying and Cell Wall Reshaping GenesGumer Pérez0Federico Lopez-Moya1Emilia Chuina2María Ibañez-Vea3Edurne Garde4Luis V. López-Llorca5Antonio G. Pisabarro6Lucía Ramírez7Genetics, Genomics and Microbiology Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, SpainLaboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, SpainGenetics, Genomics and Microbiology Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, SpainGenetics, Genomics and Microbiology Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, SpainGenetics, Genomics and Microbiology Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, SpainLaboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, SpainGenetics, Genomics and Microbiology Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, SpainGenetics, Genomics and Microbiology Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, SpainStrain degeneration has been defined as a decrease or loss in the yield of important commercial traits resulting from subsequent culture, which ultimately leads to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> is a lignin-producing nematophagous edible mushroom. Mycelia for mushroom production are usually maintained in subsequent culture in solid media and frequently show symptoms of strain degeneration. The dikaryotic strain <i>P. ostreatus</i> (DkN001) has been used in our lab as a model organism for different purposes. Hence, different tools have been developed to uncover genetic and molecular aspects of this fungus. In this work, strain degeneration was studied in a full-sib monokaryotic progeny of the DkN001 strain with fast (F) and slow (S) growth rates by using different experimental approaches (light microscopy, malondialdehyde levels, whole-genome transcriptome analysis, and chitosan effect on monokaryotic mycelia). The results obtained showed that: (i) strain degeneration in <i>P. ostreatus</i> is linked to oxidative stress, (ii) the oxidative stress response in monokaryons is genotype dependent, (iii) stress and detoxifying genes are highly expressed in S monokaryons with symptoms of strain degeneration, (iv) chitosan addition to F and S monokaryons uncovered the constitutive expression of both oxidative stress and cellular detoxifying genes in S monokaryon strains which suggest their adaptation to oxidative stress, and (v) the overexpression of the cell wall genes, <i>Uap1</i> and <i>Cda1</i>, in S monokaryons with strain degeneration phenotype indicates cell wall reshaping and the activation of High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) and Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathways. These results could constitute a hallmark for mushroom producers to distinguish strain degeneration in commercial mushrooms.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/10/862edible mushroomROS productionalternative oxidasechitosangrowth rate |
| spellingShingle | Gumer Pérez Federico Lopez-Moya Emilia Chuina María Ibañez-Vea Edurne Garde Luis V. López-Llorca Antonio G. Pisabarro Lucía Ramírez Strain Degeneration in <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>: A Genotype Dependent Oxidative Stress Process Which Triggers Oxidative Stress, Cellular Detoxifying and Cell Wall Reshaping Genes Journal of Fungi edible mushroom ROS production alternative oxidase chitosan growth rate |
| title | Strain Degeneration in <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>: A Genotype Dependent Oxidative Stress Process Which Triggers Oxidative Stress, Cellular Detoxifying and Cell Wall Reshaping Genes |
| title_full | Strain Degeneration in <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>: A Genotype Dependent Oxidative Stress Process Which Triggers Oxidative Stress, Cellular Detoxifying and Cell Wall Reshaping Genes |
| title_fullStr | Strain Degeneration in <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>: A Genotype Dependent Oxidative Stress Process Which Triggers Oxidative Stress, Cellular Detoxifying and Cell Wall Reshaping Genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strain Degeneration in <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>: A Genotype Dependent Oxidative Stress Process Which Triggers Oxidative Stress, Cellular Detoxifying and Cell Wall Reshaping Genes |
| title_short | Strain Degeneration in <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>: A Genotype Dependent Oxidative Stress Process Which Triggers Oxidative Stress, Cellular Detoxifying and Cell Wall Reshaping Genes |
| title_sort | strain degeneration in i pleurotus ostreatus i a genotype dependent oxidative stress process which triggers oxidative stress cellular detoxifying and cell wall reshaping genes |
| topic | edible mushroom ROS production alternative oxidase chitosan growth rate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/10/862 |
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