Environmental Hazards of Boron and Vanadium Nanoparticles in the Terrestrial Ecosystem—A Case Study with <i>Enchytraeus crypticus</i>

Environmental Hazards of Boron and Vanadium Nanoparticles in the Terrestrial Ecosystem—A Case Study with <i>Enchytraeus crypticus</i>

From the start of the 21st century, nanoecotoxicological research has been growing in fast steps due to the need to evaluate the safety of the increasing use of engineered nanomaterials. Boron (B) and vanadium (V) nanoparticles (NPs) generated by anthropogenic activities are subsequently released in...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Angela Barreto, Joana Santos, Mónica J. B. Amorim, Vera L. Maria
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-07-01
Series:Nanomaterials
Subjects:
nanomaterials
longer-term exposure
soil species
standard test extension
mortality
reproductive output
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/8/1937

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