| Summary: | The runs of homozygosity (ROHs), the inbreeding coefficient, and the effective population size (<i>Ne</i>) in Pelibuey sheep were analyzed in 24 Pelibuey ewes from two lambs at parturition and 24 ewes that gave birth to a single lamb using the Ilumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip. The <i>Ne</i> decreased from 535 to 192 in the first ten generations. A total of 2194 ROHs were identified on the basis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), were identified in the prolific group and 2185 SNPs in ROH in the non-prolific group. The distribution of the lengths of the ROH, considering both groups, were found to be: 4065 less than 6 Mb, 213 between 6 and 12 Mb, 72 between 12 and 24 Mb, twenty between 24 and 48 Mb and 8 greater than 48 Mb. In prolific sheep, the ROH associated with prolificacy were identified near the <i>LINGO2</i>, <i>FLRT2</i>, <i>ADGRB3</i> genes, related to “positive regulation of synapse assembly”; and the <i>DGKG</i>, <i>DGKE</i>, <i>DGKB</i> and <i>DGKI</i> genes, related to “protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway”. The present work present genes that can function as signal mediators or have activity in embryonic development, which is relevant to the economic activity of this species.
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