Sarcoidosis, <i>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</i> and Noncaseating Granulomas: Who Moved My Cheese
Clinical and histological similarities between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis have driven repeated investigations looking for a mycobacterial cause of sarcoidosis. Over 50 years ago, “anonymous mycobacteria” were suggested to have a role in the etiology of sarcoidosis. Both tuberculosis and sarcoidosi...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/829 |
| _version_ | 1797604277836840960 |
|---|---|
| author | Coad Thomas Dow Nancy W. Lin Edward D. Chan |
| author_facet | Coad Thomas Dow Nancy W. Lin Edward D. Chan |
| author_sort | Coad Thomas Dow |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Clinical and histological similarities between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis have driven repeated investigations looking for a mycobacterial cause of sarcoidosis. Over 50 years ago, “anonymous mycobacteria” were suggested to have a role in the etiology of sarcoidosis. Both tuberculosis and sarcoidosis have a predilection for lung involvement, though each can be found in any area of the body. A key histopathologic feature of both sarcoidosis and tuberculosis is the granuloma—while the tuberculous caseating granuloma has an area of caseous necrosis with a cheesy consistency; the non-caseating granuloma of sarcoidosis does not have this feature. This article reviews and reiterates the complicity of the infectious agent, <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) as a cause of sarcoidosis. MAP is involved in a parallel story as the putative cause of Crohn’s disease, another disease featuring noncaseating granulomas. MAP is a zoonotic agent infecting ruminant animals and is found in dairy products and in environmental contamination of water and air. Despite increasing evidence tying MAP to several human diseases, there is a continued resistance to embracing its pleiotropic roles. “Who Moved My Cheese” is a simple yet powerful book that explores the ways in which individuals react to change. Extending the metaphor, the “non-cheesy” granuloma of sarcoidosis actually contains the difficult-to-detect “cheese”, MAP; MAP did not move, it was there all along. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:44:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-efe86b117fd64658abef82a9f70af052 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:44:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-efe86b117fd64658abef82a9f70af0522023-11-17T20:31:10ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-03-0111482910.3390/microorganisms11040829Sarcoidosis, <i>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</i> and Noncaseating Granulomas: Who Moved My CheeseCoad Thomas Dow0Nancy W. Lin1Edward D. Chan2McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USADivision of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USADivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USAClinical and histological similarities between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis have driven repeated investigations looking for a mycobacterial cause of sarcoidosis. Over 50 years ago, “anonymous mycobacteria” were suggested to have a role in the etiology of sarcoidosis. Both tuberculosis and sarcoidosis have a predilection for lung involvement, though each can be found in any area of the body. A key histopathologic feature of both sarcoidosis and tuberculosis is the granuloma—while the tuberculous caseating granuloma has an area of caseous necrosis with a cheesy consistency; the non-caseating granuloma of sarcoidosis does not have this feature. This article reviews and reiterates the complicity of the infectious agent, <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) as a cause of sarcoidosis. MAP is involved in a parallel story as the putative cause of Crohn’s disease, another disease featuring noncaseating granulomas. MAP is a zoonotic agent infecting ruminant animals and is found in dairy products and in environmental contamination of water and air. Despite increasing evidence tying MAP to several human diseases, there is a continued resistance to embracing its pleiotropic roles. “Who Moved My Cheese” is a simple yet powerful book that explores the ways in which individuals react to change. Extending the metaphor, the “non-cheesy” granuloma of sarcoidosis actually contains the difficult-to-detect “cheese”, MAP; MAP did not move, it was there all along.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/829sarcoidosis<i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i>MAPnon-caseating granulomacaseating granulomaBlau syndrome |
| spellingShingle | Coad Thomas Dow Nancy W. Lin Edward D. Chan Sarcoidosis, <i>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</i> and Noncaseating Granulomas: Who Moved My Cheese Microorganisms sarcoidosis <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> MAP non-caseating granuloma caseating granuloma Blau syndrome |
| title | Sarcoidosis, <i>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</i> and Noncaseating Granulomas: Who Moved My Cheese |
| title_full | Sarcoidosis, <i>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</i> and Noncaseating Granulomas: Who Moved My Cheese |
| title_fullStr | Sarcoidosis, <i>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</i> and Noncaseating Granulomas: Who Moved My Cheese |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sarcoidosis, <i>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</i> and Noncaseating Granulomas: Who Moved My Cheese |
| title_short | Sarcoidosis, <i>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</i> and Noncaseating Granulomas: Who Moved My Cheese |
| title_sort | sarcoidosis i mycobacterium paratuberculosis i and noncaseating granulomas who moved my cheese |
| topic | sarcoidosis <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> MAP non-caseating granuloma caseating granuloma Blau syndrome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/829 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT coadthomasdow sarcoidosisimycobacteriumparatuberculosisiandnoncaseatinggranulomaswhomovedmycheese AT nancywlin sarcoidosisimycobacteriumparatuberculosisiandnoncaseatinggranulomaswhomovedmycheese AT edwarddchan sarcoidosisimycobacteriumparatuberculosisiandnoncaseatinggranulomaswhomovedmycheese |