A Simple Optical Sensor Based on Multimodal Interference Superimposed on Additive Manufacturing for Diameter Measurement
In many areas, the analysis of a cylindrical structure is necessary, and a form to analyze it is by evaluating the diameter changes. Some areas can be cited: pipelines for oil or gas distribution and radial growth of trees whose diameter changes are directly related to irrigation and the radial expa...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4560 |
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| author | Victor H. R. Cardoso Paulo Caldas Maria Thereza R. Giraldi Cindy Stella Fernandes Orlando Frazão João C. W. Albuquerque Costa José Luís Santos |
| author_facet | Victor H. R. Cardoso Paulo Caldas Maria Thereza R. Giraldi Cindy Stella Fernandes Orlando Frazão João C. W. Albuquerque Costa José Luís Santos |
| author_sort | Victor H. R. Cardoso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In many areas, the analysis of a cylindrical structure is necessary, and a form to analyze it is by evaluating the diameter changes. Some areas can be cited: pipelines for oil or gas distribution and radial growth of trees whose diameter changes are directly related to irrigation and the radial expansion since it depends on the water soil deficit. For some species, these radial variations can change in around 5 mm. This paper proposes and experimentally investigates a sensor based on a core diameter mismatch technique for diameter changes measurement. The sensor structure is a combination of a cylindrical piece developed using a 3D printer and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The pieces were developed to assist in monitoring the diameter variation. It is formed by splicing an uncoated short section of MMF (Multimode Fiber) between two standard SMFs (Singlemode Fibers) called SMF-MMF-SMF (SMS), where the MMF length is 15 mm. The work is divided into two main parts. Firstly, the sensor was fixed at two points on the first developed piece, and the diameter reduction caused dips or peaks shift of the transmittance spectrum due to curvature and strain influence. The fixation point (FP) distances used are: 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm. Finally, the setup with the best sensitivity was chosen, from first results, to develop another test with an optimization. This optimization is performed in the printed piece where two supports are created so that only the strain influences the sensor. The results showed good sensitivity, reasonable dynamic range, and easy setup reproduction. Therefore, the sensor could be used for diameter variation measurement for proposed applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:32:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eff307af5fa54c37827c501eb2f0cb24 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:32:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-eff307af5fa54c37827c501eb2f0cb242023-11-23T18:55:20ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-06-012212456010.3390/s22124560A Simple Optical Sensor Based on Multimodal Interference Superimposed on Additive Manufacturing for Diameter MeasurementVictor H. R. Cardoso0Paulo Caldas1Maria Thereza R. Giraldi2Cindy Stella Fernandes3Orlando Frazão4João C. W. Albuquerque Costa5José Luís Santos6Applied Electromagnetism Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66075-110, BrazilInstitute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalLaboratory of Photonics, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça Gen. Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, BrazilFaculty of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Federal University of South and Southeast of Pará, Marabá 68507-590, BrazilInstitute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalApplied Electromagnetism Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66075-110, BrazilInstitute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalIn many areas, the analysis of a cylindrical structure is necessary, and a form to analyze it is by evaluating the diameter changes. Some areas can be cited: pipelines for oil or gas distribution and radial growth of trees whose diameter changes are directly related to irrigation and the radial expansion since it depends on the water soil deficit. For some species, these radial variations can change in around 5 mm. This paper proposes and experimentally investigates a sensor based on a core diameter mismatch technique for diameter changes measurement. The sensor structure is a combination of a cylindrical piece developed using a 3D printer and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The pieces were developed to assist in monitoring the diameter variation. It is formed by splicing an uncoated short section of MMF (Multimode Fiber) between two standard SMFs (Singlemode Fibers) called SMF-MMF-SMF (SMS), where the MMF length is 15 mm. The work is divided into two main parts. Firstly, the sensor was fixed at two points on the first developed piece, and the diameter reduction caused dips or peaks shift of the transmittance spectrum due to curvature and strain influence. The fixation point (FP) distances used are: 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm. Finally, the setup with the best sensitivity was chosen, from first results, to develop another test with an optimization. This optimization is performed in the printed piece where two supports are created so that only the strain influences the sensor. The results showed good sensitivity, reasonable dynamic range, and easy setup reproduction. Therefore, the sensor could be used for diameter variation measurement for proposed applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4560SMSoptical strain gaugeoptical sensordiameter monitoring |
| spellingShingle | Victor H. R. Cardoso Paulo Caldas Maria Thereza R. Giraldi Cindy Stella Fernandes Orlando Frazão João C. W. Albuquerque Costa José Luís Santos A Simple Optical Sensor Based on Multimodal Interference Superimposed on Additive Manufacturing for Diameter Measurement Sensors SMS optical strain gauge optical sensor diameter monitoring |
| title | A Simple Optical Sensor Based on Multimodal Interference Superimposed on Additive Manufacturing for Diameter Measurement |
| title_full | A Simple Optical Sensor Based on Multimodal Interference Superimposed on Additive Manufacturing for Diameter Measurement |
| title_fullStr | A Simple Optical Sensor Based on Multimodal Interference Superimposed on Additive Manufacturing for Diameter Measurement |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Simple Optical Sensor Based on Multimodal Interference Superimposed on Additive Manufacturing for Diameter Measurement |
| title_short | A Simple Optical Sensor Based on Multimodal Interference Superimposed on Additive Manufacturing for Diameter Measurement |
| title_sort | simple optical sensor based on multimodal interference superimposed on additive manufacturing for diameter measurement |
| topic | SMS optical strain gauge optical sensor diameter monitoring |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4560 |
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