| Summary: | ABSTRACT: Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic illness that is extremely common and has an impact on social functioning, behavior, health, and the economy. An estimated 5 million people worldwide receive an epilepsy diagnosis each year. Globally, it is estimated that more than 50 million people are affected. 49% of epilepsy sufferers reside in low-to middle-income nations; in rare circumstances, this proportion may rise to 139 per 100,000 individuals. The ''treatment gap'' ranges from 10% in rich nations to 75% in low-income nations. Epilepsy is frequently associated with stigma and prejudice across the world. The most crucial tools for assessing an epilepsy patient are electroencephalography (EEG) and functional imaging techniques in epilepsy are position emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT), tissue ablation with high intensity focused ultrasound, noninvasive neuromodulation of deep and superficial targets, opening of the blood brain barrier with focused ultrasound, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An essential tool for identifying the kind of seizure and determining the brain's epileptogenic zone is video-EEG monitoring. A thorough neuroimaging assessment is required to determine the etiology of the epilepsies. The likelihood of discovering the etiology of various forms of epilepsy has improved thanks to genetic testing. Drugs that are inexpensive can be used to treat epilepsy. About one-third of people with epilepsy who have recently been diagnosed experience refractory seizures. National health policy is not prioritised, there aren't enough resources for educated staff, and there aren't enough basic antiepileptic drugs in civilizations that aren't well-organized. There are possibilities for surgical therapy, dietary changes, and neurostimulation for this group of individuals to enhance seizure control and quality of life.
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