Effect of tools rotational speed on the mechanical properties of one-step double-acting friction stir welded aluminum alloy AA 6061 hollow panel
The utilization of Aluminum hollow panels enhances structural strength while simultaneously ensuring a lightweight and efficient use of materials. During their application, these panels necessitate a welding process that is susceptible to porosity due to the disparity in hydrogen gas solubility betw...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2024-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258884042400012X |
| _version_ | 1827263356207104000 |
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| author | Mohammad Inggi Hilmawan Ericha D.W. Syah Putri Nurul Muhayat Yupiter H.P. Manurung Ilhamdi Sulardjaka Hendrato Triyono |
| author_facet | Mohammad Inggi Hilmawan Ericha D.W. Syah Putri Nurul Muhayat Yupiter H.P. Manurung Ilhamdi Sulardjaka Hendrato Triyono |
| author_sort | Mohammad Inggi Hilmawan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The utilization of Aluminum hollow panels enhances structural strength while simultaneously ensuring a lightweight and efficient use of materials. During their application, these panels necessitate a welding process that is susceptible to porosity due to the disparity in hydrogen gas solubility between liquid and solid aluminum. Solid-state welding techniques, such as Friction Stir Welding (FSW), have proven to be effective and appropriate solutions for overcoming this issue. However, due to the thickness of the hollow panels, FSW process is unfeasible as it requires welding on both sides, resulting in prolonged production times. Consequently, the development of a one-step double-acting FSW technique becomes necessary, involving the simultaneous utilization of two tools. The usage of two tools introduces two sources of friction-stir forces, heat, and axial forces, demanding an assessment of the novel response from the specimens. This research aims to analyze the effect of a specific parameter, namely the tool rotation speed, within the one-step double-acting FSW process on the physical and mechanical properties of the AA6061 hollow panels. The One-Step Double-Acting FSW process involved conducting variations in the tool rotation speed on both sides of the welds. Specifically, for the 4G weld position (underside of the workpiece with an overhead weld position), speeds of 1200, 1500, and 1800 rpm were employed. Meanwhile, a consistent rotation speed of 1500 rpm was maintained for the 1G weld position (overside of the material with a flat weld position). The transverse speed and tilt angle are set at 30 mm/min and 2°, respectively. Elevating the tool rotation speed results in increased hardness, load capacity, and bending strength of the weld joints. The specimen subjected to the highest rotational speed (1800 rpm) exhibits the most exceptional mechanical properties, including a hardness of 73.46 HVN, load capacity of 18.47 kN, and bending strength of 60.56 MPa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:26:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f009ed734372449dac44e591d49b57a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2588-8404 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-22T03:28:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-05-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture |
| spelling | doaj.art-f009ed734372449dac44e591d49b57a82024-04-29T04:14:46ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture2588-84042024-05-0173467479Effect of tools rotational speed on the mechanical properties of one-step double-acting friction stir welded aluminum alloy AA 6061 hollow panelMohammad Inggi Hilmawan0Ericha D.W. Syah Putri1Nurul Muhayat2Yupiter H.P. Manurung3 Ilhamdi4 Sulardjaka5 Hendrato6 Triyono7Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, MalaysiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas, Padang, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50225, IndonesiaNational Research and Innovation Agency of Republic Indonesia (BRIN), Jakarta Pusat 10340, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Corresponding author.The utilization of Aluminum hollow panels enhances structural strength while simultaneously ensuring a lightweight and efficient use of materials. During their application, these panels necessitate a welding process that is susceptible to porosity due to the disparity in hydrogen gas solubility between liquid and solid aluminum. Solid-state welding techniques, such as Friction Stir Welding (FSW), have proven to be effective and appropriate solutions for overcoming this issue. However, due to the thickness of the hollow panels, FSW process is unfeasible as it requires welding on both sides, resulting in prolonged production times. Consequently, the development of a one-step double-acting FSW technique becomes necessary, involving the simultaneous utilization of two tools. The usage of two tools introduces two sources of friction-stir forces, heat, and axial forces, demanding an assessment of the novel response from the specimens. This research aims to analyze the effect of a specific parameter, namely the tool rotation speed, within the one-step double-acting FSW process on the physical and mechanical properties of the AA6061 hollow panels. The One-Step Double-Acting FSW process involved conducting variations in the tool rotation speed on both sides of the welds. Specifically, for the 4G weld position (underside of the workpiece with an overhead weld position), speeds of 1200, 1500, and 1800 rpm were employed. Meanwhile, a consistent rotation speed of 1500 rpm was maintained for the 1G weld position (overside of the material with a flat weld position). The transverse speed and tilt angle are set at 30 mm/min and 2°, respectively. Elevating the tool rotation speed results in increased hardness, load capacity, and bending strength of the weld joints. The specimen subjected to the highest rotational speed (1800 rpm) exhibits the most exceptional mechanical properties, including a hardness of 73.46 HVN, load capacity of 18.47 kN, and bending strength of 60.56 MPa.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258884042400012XOne-step double-acting friction stir weldingAluminum alloyExtruded hollow panelTools rotational speedPhysical and mechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Inggi Hilmawan Ericha D.W. Syah Putri Nurul Muhayat Yupiter H.P. Manurung Ilhamdi Sulardjaka Hendrato Triyono Effect of tools rotational speed on the mechanical properties of one-step double-acting friction stir welded aluminum alloy AA 6061 hollow panel International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture One-step double-acting friction stir welding Aluminum alloy Extruded hollow panel Tools rotational speed Physical and mechanical properties |
| title | Effect of tools rotational speed on the mechanical properties of one-step double-acting friction stir welded aluminum alloy AA 6061 hollow panel |
| title_full | Effect of tools rotational speed on the mechanical properties of one-step double-acting friction stir welded aluminum alloy AA 6061 hollow panel |
| title_fullStr | Effect of tools rotational speed on the mechanical properties of one-step double-acting friction stir welded aluminum alloy AA 6061 hollow panel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of tools rotational speed on the mechanical properties of one-step double-acting friction stir welded aluminum alloy AA 6061 hollow panel |
| title_short | Effect of tools rotational speed on the mechanical properties of one-step double-acting friction stir welded aluminum alloy AA 6061 hollow panel |
| title_sort | effect of tools rotational speed on the mechanical properties of one step double acting friction stir welded aluminum alloy aa 6061 hollow panel |
| topic | One-step double-acting friction stir welding Aluminum alloy Extruded hollow panel Tools rotational speed Physical and mechanical properties |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258884042400012X |
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