A Novel ZnO Nanoparticles Enhanced Surfactant Based Viscoelastic Fluid Systems for Fracturing under High Temperature and High Shear Rate Conditions: Synthesis, Rheometric Analysis, and Fluid Model Derivation
Surfactant-based viscoelastic (SBVE) fluids are innovative nonpolymeric non-newtonian fluid compositions that have recently gained much attention from the oil industry. SBVE can replace traditional polymeric fracturing fluid composition by mitigating problems arising during and after hydraulic fract...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/19/4023 |
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| author | Mahesh Chandra Patel Mohammed Abdalla Ayoub Anas Mohammed Hassan Mazlin Bt Idress |
| author_facet | Mahesh Chandra Patel Mohammed Abdalla Ayoub Anas Mohammed Hassan Mazlin Bt Idress |
| author_sort | Mahesh Chandra Patel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surfactant-based viscoelastic (SBVE) fluids are innovative nonpolymeric non-newtonian fluid compositions that have recently gained much attention from the oil industry. SBVE can replace traditional polymeric fracturing fluid composition by mitigating problems arising during and after hydraulic fracturing operations are performed. In this study, SBVE fluid systems which are entangled with worm-like micellar solutions of cationic surfactant: cetrimonium bromide or CTAB and counterion inorganic sodium nitrate salt are synthesized. The salt reagent concentration is optimized by comparing the rheological characteristics of different concentration fluids at 25 °C. The study aims to mitigate the primary issue concerning these SBVE fluids: significant drop in viscosity at high temperature and high shear rate (HTHS) conditions. Hence, the authors synthesized a modified viscoelastic fluid system using ZnO nanoparticle (NPs) additives with a hypothesis of getting fluids with improved rheology. The rheology of optimum fluids of both categories: with (0.6 M NaNO<sub>3</sub> concentration fluid) and without (0.8 M NaNO<sub>3</sub> concentration fluid) ZnO NPs additives were compared for a range of shear rates from 1 to 500 Sec<sup>−1</sup> at different temperatures from 25 °C to 75 °C to visualize modifications in viscosity values after the addition of NPs additives. The rheology in terms of viscosity was higher for the fluid with 1% dispersed ZnO NPs additives at all temperatures for the entire range of shear rate values. Additionally, rheological correlation function models were derived for the synthesized fluids using statistical analysis methods. Subsequently, Herschel–Bulkley models were developed for optimum fluids depending on rheological correlation models. In the last section of the study, the pressure-drop estimation method is described using given group equations for laminar flow in a pipe depending on Herschel–Bulkley-model parameters have been identified for optimum fluids are consistency, flow index and yield stress values. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:16:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f01003fd3e7341778d4d8d33f05494f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:16:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-f01003fd3e7341778d4d8d33f05494f82023-11-23T21:33:00ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-09-011419402310.3390/polym14194023A Novel ZnO Nanoparticles Enhanced Surfactant Based Viscoelastic Fluid Systems for Fracturing under High Temperature and High Shear Rate Conditions: Synthesis, Rheometric Analysis, and Fluid Model DerivationMahesh Chandra Patel0Mohammed Abdalla Ayoub1Anas Mohammed Hassan2Mazlin Bt Idress3Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak 32610, MalaysiaDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak 32610, MalaysiaPetroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak 32610, MalaysiaSurfactant-based viscoelastic (SBVE) fluids are innovative nonpolymeric non-newtonian fluid compositions that have recently gained much attention from the oil industry. SBVE can replace traditional polymeric fracturing fluid composition by mitigating problems arising during and after hydraulic fracturing operations are performed. In this study, SBVE fluid systems which are entangled with worm-like micellar solutions of cationic surfactant: cetrimonium bromide or CTAB and counterion inorganic sodium nitrate salt are synthesized. The salt reagent concentration is optimized by comparing the rheological characteristics of different concentration fluids at 25 °C. The study aims to mitigate the primary issue concerning these SBVE fluids: significant drop in viscosity at high temperature and high shear rate (HTHS) conditions. Hence, the authors synthesized a modified viscoelastic fluid system using ZnO nanoparticle (NPs) additives with a hypothesis of getting fluids with improved rheology. The rheology of optimum fluids of both categories: with (0.6 M NaNO<sub>3</sub> concentration fluid) and without (0.8 M NaNO<sub>3</sub> concentration fluid) ZnO NPs additives were compared for a range of shear rates from 1 to 500 Sec<sup>−1</sup> at different temperatures from 25 °C to 75 °C to visualize modifications in viscosity values after the addition of NPs additives. The rheology in terms of viscosity was higher for the fluid with 1% dispersed ZnO NPs additives at all temperatures for the entire range of shear rate values. Additionally, rheological correlation function models were derived for the synthesized fluids using statistical analysis methods. Subsequently, Herschel–Bulkley models were developed for optimum fluids depending on rheological correlation models. In the last section of the study, the pressure-drop estimation method is described using given group equations for laminar flow in a pipe depending on Herschel–Bulkley-model parameters have been identified for optimum fluids are consistency, flow index and yield stress values.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/19/4023surfactant-based viscoelastic fluids for fracturingZnO nanoparticle assisted viscoelastic fluidsinnovative nonpolymeric fracturing fluid compositionsCTAB-based viscoelastic fluidsHerschel–Bulkley fluid models for SBVE or VESpressure drop estimation during laminar flow of viscoelastic fluids |
| spellingShingle | Mahesh Chandra Patel Mohammed Abdalla Ayoub Anas Mohammed Hassan Mazlin Bt Idress A Novel ZnO Nanoparticles Enhanced Surfactant Based Viscoelastic Fluid Systems for Fracturing under High Temperature and High Shear Rate Conditions: Synthesis, Rheometric Analysis, and Fluid Model Derivation Polymers surfactant-based viscoelastic fluids for fracturing ZnO nanoparticle assisted viscoelastic fluids innovative nonpolymeric fracturing fluid compositions CTAB-based viscoelastic fluids Herschel–Bulkley fluid models for SBVE or VES pressure drop estimation during laminar flow of viscoelastic fluids |
| title | A Novel ZnO Nanoparticles Enhanced Surfactant Based Viscoelastic Fluid Systems for Fracturing under High Temperature and High Shear Rate Conditions: Synthesis, Rheometric Analysis, and Fluid Model Derivation |
| title_full | A Novel ZnO Nanoparticles Enhanced Surfactant Based Viscoelastic Fluid Systems for Fracturing under High Temperature and High Shear Rate Conditions: Synthesis, Rheometric Analysis, and Fluid Model Derivation |
| title_fullStr | A Novel ZnO Nanoparticles Enhanced Surfactant Based Viscoelastic Fluid Systems for Fracturing under High Temperature and High Shear Rate Conditions: Synthesis, Rheometric Analysis, and Fluid Model Derivation |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel ZnO Nanoparticles Enhanced Surfactant Based Viscoelastic Fluid Systems for Fracturing under High Temperature and High Shear Rate Conditions: Synthesis, Rheometric Analysis, and Fluid Model Derivation |
| title_short | A Novel ZnO Nanoparticles Enhanced Surfactant Based Viscoelastic Fluid Systems for Fracturing under High Temperature and High Shear Rate Conditions: Synthesis, Rheometric Analysis, and Fluid Model Derivation |
| title_sort | novel zno nanoparticles enhanced surfactant based viscoelastic fluid systems for fracturing under high temperature and high shear rate conditions synthesis rheometric analysis and fluid model derivation |
| topic | surfactant-based viscoelastic fluids for fracturing ZnO nanoparticle assisted viscoelastic fluids innovative nonpolymeric fracturing fluid compositions CTAB-based viscoelastic fluids Herschel–Bulkley fluid models for SBVE or VES pressure drop estimation during laminar flow of viscoelastic fluids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/19/4023 |
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