Xylem Cell Wall Formation in Pioneer Roots and Stems of Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray)
Regulation of gene expression, as determined by the genetics of the tree species, is a major factor in determining wood quality. Therefore, the identification of genes that play a role in xylogenesis is extremely important for understanding the mechanisms shaping the plant phenotype. Efforts to deve...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.01419/full |
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| author | Katarzyna Marzec-Schmidt Agnieszka Ludwików Natalia Wojciechowska Anna Kasprowicz-Maluśki Joanna Mucha Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Marzec-Schmidt Agnieszka Ludwików Natalia Wojciechowska Anna Kasprowicz-Maluśki Joanna Mucha Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Marzec-Schmidt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Regulation of gene expression, as determined by the genetics of the tree species, is a major factor in determining wood quality. Therefore, the identification of genes that play a role in xylogenesis is extremely important for understanding the mechanisms shaping the plant phenotype. Efforts to develop new varieties characterized by higher yield and better wood quality will greatly benefit from recognizing and understanding the complex transcriptional network underlying wood development. The present study provides a detailed comparative description of the changes that occur in genes transcription and the biosynthesis of cell-wall-related compounds during xylogenesis in Populus trichocarpa pioneer roots and stems. Even though results of microarray analysis indicated that only approximately 10% of the differentially expressed genes were common to both organs, many fundamental mechanisms were similar; e.g. the pattern of expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall proteins, polysaccharides, and lignins. Gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) shows that the composition of monosaccharides was also very similar, with an increasing amount of xylose building secondary cell wall hemicellulose and pectins, especially in the stems. While hemicellulose degradation was typical for stems, possibly due to the intensive level of cell wall lignification. Notably, the main component of lignins in roots were guiacyl units, while syringyl units were dominant in stems, where fibers are especially needed for support. Our study is the first comprehensive analysis, at the structural and molecular level, of xylogenesis in under- and aboveground tree parts, and clearly reveals the great complexity of molecular mechanisms underlying cell wall formation and modification during xylogenesis in different plant organs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T14:36:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0122c494263459585e5f58478638672 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T14:36:47Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0122c494263459585e5f584786386722022-12-21T19:37:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2019-11-011010.3389/fpls.2019.01419482397Xylem Cell Wall Formation in Pioneer Roots and Stems of Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray)Katarzyna Marzec-Schmidt0Agnieszka Ludwików1Natalia Wojciechowska2Anna Kasprowicz-Maluśki3Joanna Mucha4Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna5Department of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandDepartment of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandLaboratory of Ecology, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Science, Kórnik, PolandDepartment of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandRegulation of gene expression, as determined by the genetics of the tree species, is a major factor in determining wood quality. Therefore, the identification of genes that play a role in xylogenesis is extremely important for understanding the mechanisms shaping the plant phenotype. Efforts to develop new varieties characterized by higher yield and better wood quality will greatly benefit from recognizing and understanding the complex transcriptional network underlying wood development. The present study provides a detailed comparative description of the changes that occur in genes transcription and the biosynthesis of cell-wall-related compounds during xylogenesis in Populus trichocarpa pioneer roots and stems. Even though results of microarray analysis indicated that only approximately 10% of the differentially expressed genes were common to both organs, many fundamental mechanisms were similar; e.g. the pattern of expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall proteins, polysaccharides, and lignins. Gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) shows that the composition of monosaccharides was also very similar, with an increasing amount of xylose building secondary cell wall hemicellulose and pectins, especially in the stems. While hemicellulose degradation was typical for stems, possibly due to the intensive level of cell wall lignification. Notably, the main component of lignins in roots were guiacyl units, while syringyl units were dominant in stems, where fibers are especially needed for support. Our study is the first comprehensive analysis, at the structural and molecular level, of xylogenesis in under- and aboveground tree parts, and clearly reveals the great complexity of molecular mechanisms underlying cell wall formation and modification during xylogenesis in different plant organs.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.01419/fullcell wall biogenesismicroarraysPopulus trichocarpawoodxylogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Marzec-Schmidt Agnieszka Ludwików Natalia Wojciechowska Anna Kasprowicz-Maluśki Joanna Mucha Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna Xylem Cell Wall Formation in Pioneer Roots and Stems of Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) Frontiers in Plant Science cell wall biogenesis microarrays Populus trichocarpa wood xylogenesis |
| title | Xylem Cell Wall Formation in Pioneer Roots and Stems of Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) |
| title_full | Xylem Cell Wall Formation in Pioneer Roots and Stems of Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) |
| title_fullStr | Xylem Cell Wall Formation in Pioneer Roots and Stems of Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Xylem Cell Wall Formation in Pioneer Roots and Stems of Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) |
| title_short | Xylem Cell Wall Formation in Pioneer Roots and Stems of Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) |
| title_sort | xylem cell wall formation in pioneer roots and stems of populus trichocarpa torr gray |
| topic | cell wall biogenesis microarrays Populus trichocarpa wood xylogenesis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.01419/full |
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