Pb(II) Determination in a Single Drop Using a Modified Screen-Printed Electrode
This work presents the development and validation of an electroanalytical method for Pb(II) determination in a single drop. The electrochemical sensors used were an unmodified screen-printed electrode (SPE) and a Bi-film SPE (BiFSPE). Anodic square wave stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was performed at...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-02-01
|
| Series: | Chemosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/2/38 |
| _version_ | 1797396151071145984 |
|---|---|
| author | Nika Žurga David Majer Matjaž Finšgar |
| author_facet | Nika Žurga David Majer Matjaž Finšgar |
| author_sort | Nika Žurga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work presents the development and validation of an electroanalytical method for Pb(II) determination in a single drop. The electrochemical sensors used were an unmodified screen-printed electrode (SPE) and a Bi-film SPE (BiFSPE). Anodic square wave stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was performed at an accumulation potential of −1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl and an accumulation time of 60 s. Electroanalysis with an unmodified SPE did not yield satisfactory results, whereas the BiFSPE was a much better analysis method. The linear concentration using the BiFSPE was in the range of 138.8–162.5 µg/L. The accuracy and precision were evaluated for different spiked concentrations, but the method using the unmodified SPE was neither accurate nor precise. Using the BiFSPE, the method was found to be both accurate and precise for Pb(II) determination at a concentration of 140.0 μg/L, with recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD) of 106.6% and 12.1%, respectively. In addition, using the BiFSPE, LOD and LOQ values of 1.2 μg/L and 3.3 μg/L were obtained, respectively. The possible interference effect on Pb(II) stripping signal was checked in the presence of Cd(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Sn(IV), Sb(III), Hg(II), Fe(III), As(V), K(I), I<sup>−</sup>, Ca(II), and NO<sub>3<sup>−</sup></sub>. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were also performed for the unmodified SPE and BiFSPE. The application of single drop Pb(II) analysis was tested by real water sample analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:46:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f01b734bac934c0e8a50a872a71debf7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:46:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-f01b734bac934c0e8a50a872a71debf72023-12-11T17:30:35ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402021-02-01923810.3390/chemosensors9020038Pb(II) Determination in a Single Drop Using a Modified Screen-Printed ElectrodeNika Žurga0David Majer1Matjaž Finšgar2Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, SwitzerlandFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaThis work presents the development and validation of an electroanalytical method for Pb(II) determination in a single drop. The electrochemical sensors used were an unmodified screen-printed electrode (SPE) and a Bi-film SPE (BiFSPE). Anodic square wave stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was performed at an accumulation potential of −1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl and an accumulation time of 60 s. Electroanalysis with an unmodified SPE did not yield satisfactory results, whereas the BiFSPE was a much better analysis method. The linear concentration using the BiFSPE was in the range of 138.8–162.5 µg/L. The accuracy and precision were evaluated for different spiked concentrations, but the method using the unmodified SPE was neither accurate nor precise. Using the BiFSPE, the method was found to be both accurate and precise for Pb(II) determination at a concentration of 140.0 μg/L, with recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD) of 106.6% and 12.1%, respectively. In addition, using the BiFSPE, LOD and LOQ values of 1.2 μg/L and 3.3 μg/L were obtained, respectively. The possible interference effect on Pb(II) stripping signal was checked in the presence of Cd(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Sn(IV), Sb(III), Hg(II), Fe(III), As(V), K(I), I<sup>−</sup>, Ca(II), and NO<sub>3<sup>−</sup></sub>. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were also performed for the unmodified SPE and BiFSPE. The application of single drop Pb(II) analysis was tested by real water sample analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/2/38single drop analysisleadSPEbismuthscreen printed |
| spellingShingle | Nika Žurga David Majer Matjaž Finšgar Pb(II) Determination in a Single Drop Using a Modified Screen-Printed Electrode Chemosensors single drop analysis lead SPE bismuth screen printed |
| title | Pb(II) Determination in a Single Drop Using a Modified Screen-Printed Electrode |
| title_full | Pb(II) Determination in a Single Drop Using a Modified Screen-Printed Electrode |
| title_fullStr | Pb(II) Determination in a Single Drop Using a Modified Screen-Printed Electrode |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pb(II) Determination in a Single Drop Using a Modified Screen-Printed Electrode |
| title_short | Pb(II) Determination in a Single Drop Using a Modified Screen-Printed Electrode |
| title_sort | pb ii determination in a single drop using a modified screen printed electrode |
| topic | single drop analysis lead SPE bismuth screen printed |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/2/38 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nikazurga pbiideterminationinasingledropusingamodifiedscreenprintedelectrode AT davidmajer pbiideterminationinasingledropusingamodifiedscreenprintedelectrode AT matjazfinsgar pbiideterminationinasingledropusingamodifiedscreenprintedelectrode |