Genetic Improvement of Post-Heading Root Morphology and Physiology Facilitating Yield Increase of <i>japonica</i> Inbred Rice
Since genetic improvement greatly promoted an increased yield <i>japonica</i> inbred rice in east China after the 1990s, better root characteristics were certainly expected. In 2018 and 2019, nine <i>japonica</i> inbred rice released in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s were invest...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2457 |
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| author | Tianyao Meng Xi Chen Xubin Zhang Jialin Ge Guisheng Zhou Qigen Dai Huanhe Wei |
| author_facet | Tianyao Meng Xi Chen Xubin Zhang Jialin Ge Guisheng Zhou Qigen Dai Huanhe Wei |
| author_sort | Tianyao Meng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since genetic improvement greatly promoted an increased yield <i>japonica</i> inbred rice in east China after the 1990s, better root characteristics were certainly expected. In 2018 and 2019, nine <i>japonica</i> inbred rice released in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s were investigated to evaluate the changes in root morpho-physiology and identify root traits that contributed to the positive yield trends during the genetic process. The 2010’s rice had 8.0 and 4.3% higher grain yield than the 1990’s and the 2000’s rice, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Genetic yield gain was mainly attributed to the increased spikelets per panicle. Compared with the 1990’s and the 2000’s rice, the 2010’s rice had higher shoot biomass at heading and maturity (<i>p</i> < 0.05), as well as root biomass (<i>p</i> < 0.05), especially for root biomass of 15–30 cm soil depth. Leaf area index (LAI), soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values, and leaf photosynthetic rate at middle grain-filling period (MGP) and late grain-filling period (LGP) were all increased. The 2010’s rice had consistently higher root length and volume, root oxidation activity, and root bleeding rate at MGP and LGP than the 1990’s and the 2000’s rice (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Positive correlations were detected between root length and volume, root oxidation activity, and root bleeding rate at MGP, LGP, and SPAD values, leaf photosynthetic rate at MGP and LGP, and higher shoot biomass accumulation after heading and grain yield (<i>p</i> < 0.05 or <i>p</i> < 0.01). The present study implied that genetic improvement optimized post-heading root morphology and physiology, which maintained shoot stay-green and facilitated biomass accumulation and yield increase in <i>japonica</i> inbred rice during the genetic process since the 1990s. |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:41:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0256a56dbb84ab789eb616092a495cc2023-11-23T03:22:10ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-12-011112245710.3390/agronomy11122457Genetic Improvement of Post-Heading Root Morphology and Physiology Facilitating Yield Increase of <i>japonica</i> Inbred RiceTianyao Meng0Xi Chen1Xubin Zhang2Jialin Ge3Guisheng Zhou4Qigen Dai5Huanhe Wei6Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaSince genetic improvement greatly promoted an increased yield <i>japonica</i> inbred rice in east China after the 1990s, better root characteristics were certainly expected. In 2018 and 2019, nine <i>japonica</i> inbred rice released in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s were investigated to evaluate the changes in root morpho-physiology and identify root traits that contributed to the positive yield trends during the genetic process. The 2010’s rice had 8.0 and 4.3% higher grain yield than the 1990’s and the 2000’s rice, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Genetic yield gain was mainly attributed to the increased spikelets per panicle. Compared with the 1990’s and the 2000’s rice, the 2010’s rice had higher shoot biomass at heading and maturity (<i>p</i> < 0.05), as well as root biomass (<i>p</i> < 0.05), especially for root biomass of 15–30 cm soil depth. Leaf area index (LAI), soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values, and leaf photosynthetic rate at middle grain-filling period (MGP) and late grain-filling period (LGP) were all increased. The 2010’s rice had consistently higher root length and volume, root oxidation activity, and root bleeding rate at MGP and LGP than the 1990’s and the 2000’s rice (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Positive correlations were detected between root length and volume, root oxidation activity, and root bleeding rate at MGP, LGP, and SPAD values, leaf photosynthetic rate at MGP and LGP, and higher shoot biomass accumulation after heading and grain yield (<i>p</i> < 0.05 or <i>p</i> < 0.01). The present study implied that genetic improvement optimized post-heading root morphology and physiology, which maintained shoot stay-green and facilitated biomass accumulation and yield increase in <i>japonica</i> inbred rice during the genetic process since the 1990s.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2457genetic improvementgrain yield<i>japonica</i> inbred riceroot morphology and physiology |
| spellingShingle | Tianyao Meng Xi Chen Xubin Zhang Jialin Ge Guisheng Zhou Qigen Dai Huanhe Wei Genetic Improvement of Post-Heading Root Morphology and Physiology Facilitating Yield Increase of <i>japonica</i> Inbred Rice Agronomy genetic improvement grain yield <i>japonica</i> inbred rice root morphology and physiology |
| title | Genetic Improvement of Post-Heading Root Morphology and Physiology Facilitating Yield Increase of <i>japonica</i> Inbred Rice |
| title_full | Genetic Improvement of Post-Heading Root Morphology and Physiology Facilitating Yield Increase of <i>japonica</i> Inbred Rice |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Improvement of Post-Heading Root Morphology and Physiology Facilitating Yield Increase of <i>japonica</i> Inbred Rice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Improvement of Post-Heading Root Morphology and Physiology Facilitating Yield Increase of <i>japonica</i> Inbred Rice |
| title_short | Genetic Improvement of Post-Heading Root Morphology and Physiology Facilitating Yield Increase of <i>japonica</i> Inbred Rice |
| title_sort | genetic improvement of post heading root morphology and physiology facilitating yield increase of i japonica i inbred rice |
| topic | genetic improvement grain yield <i>japonica</i> inbred rice root morphology and physiology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2457 |
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