Measuring antigen-specific responses in Mycobacterium bovis-infected warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) using the intradermal tuberculin test
Abstract Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis has previously been diagnosed in warthogs and infection can be highly prevalent (> 30%) in endemic areas. Thus, warthogs could potentially be an important species to consider as sentinels for disease surveillance. However...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-018-1685-8 |
| _version_ | 1828768913583767552 |
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| author | Eduard O. Roos Francisco Olea-Popelka Peter Buss Guy A. Hausler Robin Warren Paul D. van Helden Sven D. C. Parsons Lin-Mari de Klerk-Lorist Michele A. Miller |
| author_facet | Eduard O. Roos Francisco Olea-Popelka Peter Buss Guy A. Hausler Robin Warren Paul D. van Helden Sven D. C. Parsons Lin-Mari de Klerk-Lorist Michele A. Miller |
| author_sort | Eduard O. Roos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis has previously been diagnosed in warthogs and infection can be highly prevalent (> 30%) in endemic areas. Thus, warthogs could potentially be an important species to consider as sentinels for disease surveillance. However, disease surveillance is dependent on availability of accurate diagnostic assays and only a few diagnostic tests have been investigated for warthogs. Furthermore, the tests that have been used in this species require laboratory equipment and trained personnel to obtain results. Therefore, this study investigated the use of the intradermal tuberculin test (ITT) to screen warthogs for bTB, which can be done with minimal equipment and under field conditions by most veterinarians and other qualified professionals. Changes in skin fold thickness measurements at the bovine purified protein derivative (PPD) administration site, between 0 and 72 h, were compared with differential changes between the bovine and avian PPD sites, for 34 warthogs, to evaluate the performance when different interpretation criteria for the ITT was used. Results Using an increase of 1.8 mm or more at the bovine PPD site as a cut-off for positive responders, 69% of 16 M. bovis culture-positive warthogs had a positive test result, with 100% of the 18 culture-negative warthogs considered as test negative. When a differential of 1.2 mm or more in skin fold thickness at the bovine PPD compared to the avian PPD site was used as a cut-off for the comparative ITT, 81% of culture-positive warthogs were considered as test positive, with 100% of culture-negative warthogs considered as test negative. Conclusion The findings in this study suggest that the ITT is a promising tool to use when screening warthogs for M. bovis infection. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T13:38:21Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0305e178b0943249a4e56cd081c29d12022-12-22T01:04:55ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482018-11-011411710.1186/s12917-018-1685-8Measuring antigen-specific responses in Mycobacterium bovis-infected warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) using the intradermal tuberculin testEduard O. Roos0Francisco Olea-Popelka1Peter Buss2Guy A. Hausler3Robin Warren4Paul D. van Helden5Sven D. C. Parsons6Lin-Mari de Klerk-Lorist7Michele A. Miller8NRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State UniversityVeterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National ParkNRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityNRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityNRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityNRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityOffice of the State Veterinarian, Kruger National Park, Department of Agriculture, Forestries and FisheriesNRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityAbstract Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis has previously been diagnosed in warthogs and infection can be highly prevalent (> 30%) in endemic areas. Thus, warthogs could potentially be an important species to consider as sentinels for disease surveillance. However, disease surveillance is dependent on availability of accurate diagnostic assays and only a few diagnostic tests have been investigated for warthogs. Furthermore, the tests that have been used in this species require laboratory equipment and trained personnel to obtain results. Therefore, this study investigated the use of the intradermal tuberculin test (ITT) to screen warthogs for bTB, which can be done with minimal equipment and under field conditions by most veterinarians and other qualified professionals. Changes in skin fold thickness measurements at the bovine purified protein derivative (PPD) administration site, between 0 and 72 h, were compared with differential changes between the bovine and avian PPD sites, for 34 warthogs, to evaluate the performance when different interpretation criteria for the ITT was used. Results Using an increase of 1.8 mm or more at the bovine PPD site as a cut-off for positive responders, 69% of 16 M. bovis culture-positive warthogs had a positive test result, with 100% of the 18 culture-negative warthogs considered as test negative. When a differential of 1.2 mm or more in skin fold thickness at the bovine PPD compared to the avian PPD site was used as a cut-off for the comparative ITT, 81% of culture-positive warthogs were considered as test positive, with 100% of culture-negative warthogs considered as test negative. Conclusion The findings in this study suggest that the ITT is a promising tool to use when screening warthogs for M. bovis infection.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-018-1685-8Bovine tuberculosisScreening testMycobacterium bovisIntradermal tuberculin testWarthogWildlife |
| spellingShingle | Eduard O. Roos Francisco Olea-Popelka Peter Buss Guy A. Hausler Robin Warren Paul D. van Helden Sven D. C. Parsons Lin-Mari de Klerk-Lorist Michele A. Miller Measuring antigen-specific responses in Mycobacterium bovis-infected warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) using the intradermal tuberculin test BMC Veterinary Research Bovine tuberculosis Screening test Mycobacterium bovis Intradermal tuberculin test Warthog Wildlife |
| title | Measuring antigen-specific responses in Mycobacterium bovis-infected warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) using the intradermal tuberculin test |
| title_full | Measuring antigen-specific responses in Mycobacterium bovis-infected warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) using the intradermal tuberculin test |
| title_fullStr | Measuring antigen-specific responses in Mycobacterium bovis-infected warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) using the intradermal tuberculin test |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measuring antigen-specific responses in Mycobacterium bovis-infected warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) using the intradermal tuberculin test |
| title_short | Measuring antigen-specific responses in Mycobacterium bovis-infected warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) using the intradermal tuberculin test |
| title_sort | measuring antigen specific responses in mycobacterium bovis infected warthogs phacochoerus africanus using the intradermal tuberculin test |
| topic | Bovine tuberculosis Screening test Mycobacterium bovis Intradermal tuberculin test Warthog Wildlife |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-018-1685-8 |
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