A Method for Turning a Single Low-Cost Cube into a Reference Target for Point Cloud Registration
Target-based point cloud registration methods are still widely used by many laser scanning professionals due to their direct and manipulable nature. However, placing and moving multiple targets such as spheres for registration is a time-consuming and tactical process. When the number of scans gets l...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/3/1306 |
| _version_ | 1797625294828339200 |
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| author | Ting On Chan Linyuan Xia Derek D. Lichti Xuanqi Wang Xiong Peng Yuezhen Cai Ming Ho Li |
| author_facet | Ting On Chan Linyuan Xia Derek D. Lichti Xuanqi Wang Xiong Peng Yuezhen Cai Ming Ho Li |
| author_sort | Ting On Chan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Target-based point cloud registration methods are still widely used by many laser scanning professionals due to their direct and manipulable nature. However, placing and moving multiple targets such as spheres for registration is a time-consuming and tactical process. When the number of scans gets large, the time and labor costs will accumulate to a high level. In this paper, we propose a flexible registration method that requires the installation of only a low-cost cubical target: a die-like object. The method includes virtual coordinate system construction and two error compensation techniques, in which the non-orthogonality of the scanned facets, along with the unknown sizes of the dice are estimated based on projection geometry and cubical constraints so that three pairs of conjugate points can be accurately identified along the axes of the constructed coordinate systems for the registration. No scan overlap of the facet is needed. Two different low-cost dice (with a volume of 0.125 m<sup>3</sup> and 0.027 m<sup>3</sup>) were used for verifying the proposed method, which shows that the proposed method delivers registration accuracy (with an RMSE discrepancy of less than 0.5 mm for check planes) comparable to the traditional sphere- based method using four to six spherical targets spanning the scene. Therefore, the proposed method is particularly useful for registering point clouds in harsh scanning environments with limited target-setting space and high chances of target interruption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:54:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f03416704888455a8762722bfc99181c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:54:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f03416704888455a8762722bfc99181c2023-11-16T16:03:33ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-01-01133130610.3390/app13031306A Method for Turning a Single Low-Cost Cube into a Reference Target for Point Cloud RegistrationTing On Chan0Linyuan Xia1Derek D. Lichti2Xuanqi Wang3Xiong Peng4Yuezhen Cai5Ming Ho Li6School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaDepartment of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaMinistry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100034, ChinaSchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaTarget-based point cloud registration methods are still widely used by many laser scanning professionals due to their direct and manipulable nature. However, placing and moving multiple targets such as spheres for registration is a time-consuming and tactical process. When the number of scans gets large, the time and labor costs will accumulate to a high level. In this paper, we propose a flexible registration method that requires the installation of only a low-cost cubical target: a die-like object. The method includes virtual coordinate system construction and two error compensation techniques, in which the non-orthogonality of the scanned facets, along with the unknown sizes of the dice are estimated based on projection geometry and cubical constraints so that three pairs of conjugate points can be accurately identified along the axes of the constructed coordinate systems for the registration. No scan overlap of the facet is needed. Two different low-cost dice (with a volume of 0.125 m<sup>3</sup> and 0.027 m<sup>3</sup>) were used for verifying the proposed method, which shows that the proposed method delivers registration accuracy (with an RMSE discrepancy of less than 0.5 mm for check planes) comparable to the traditional sphere- based method using four to six spherical targets spanning the scene. Therefore, the proposed method is particularly useful for registering point clouds in harsh scanning environments with limited target-setting space and high chances of target interruption.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/3/1306laser scanningcubical targetdicepoint cloudregistrationcalibration |
| spellingShingle | Ting On Chan Linyuan Xia Derek D. Lichti Xuanqi Wang Xiong Peng Yuezhen Cai Ming Ho Li A Method for Turning a Single Low-Cost Cube into a Reference Target for Point Cloud Registration Applied Sciences laser scanning cubical target dice point cloud registration calibration |
| title | A Method for Turning a Single Low-Cost Cube into a Reference Target for Point Cloud Registration |
| title_full | A Method for Turning a Single Low-Cost Cube into a Reference Target for Point Cloud Registration |
| title_fullStr | A Method for Turning a Single Low-Cost Cube into a Reference Target for Point Cloud Registration |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Method for Turning a Single Low-Cost Cube into a Reference Target for Point Cloud Registration |
| title_short | A Method for Turning a Single Low-Cost Cube into a Reference Target for Point Cloud Registration |
| title_sort | method for turning a single low cost cube into a reference target for point cloud registration |
| topic | laser scanning cubical target dice point cloud registration calibration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/3/1306 |
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