The Inhibitory Effect of Quercetin on Biofilm Formation of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Mixed Culture and Repression of Virulence
<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is the species of foodborne pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. The food production chain employs various methods to control biofilms, although none are completely successful. This study evaluates the effectiveness of quercetin as a fo...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/9/1733 |
| _version_ | 1797491719429685248 |
|---|---|
| author | Pantu Kumar Roy Min Gyu Song Shin Young Park |
| author_facet | Pantu Kumar Roy Min Gyu Song Shin Young Park |
| author_sort | Pantu Kumar Roy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is the species of foodborne pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. The food production chain employs various methods to control biofilms, although none are completely successful. This study evaluates the effectiveness of quercetin as a food additive in reducing <i>L. monocytogenes</i> mixed cultures (ATCC19113, ATCC19117, and ATCC15313) biofilm formation on stainless steel (SS), silicon rubber (SR), and hand glove (HG) coupons, as well as tests its antimicrobial activities. With a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 µg/mL, the tested quercetin exhibited the lowest bactericidal action with no visible bacterial growth. In contrast, during various experiments in this work, the inhibitory efficacy of quercetin at sub-MICs levels (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 MIC) against <i>L. monocytogenes</i> was examined. A control group was not added with quercetin. The current study also investigates the effect of quercetin on the expression of different genes engaged in motility (<i>flaA</i>, <i>fbp</i>), QS (<i>agrA</i>), and virulence (<i>hlyA</i>, <i>prfA</i>). Through increasing quercetin concentration, swarming and swimming motility, biofilm formation, and expression levels of target genes linked to flagella motility, virulence, and quorum-sensing were all dramatically reduced. Quercetin (0–125 μg/mL) was investigated on the SS, SR, and HG surfaces; the inhibitory effects were 0.39–2.07, 0.09–1.96 and 0.03–1.69 log CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) corroborated the findings because quercetin prevented the development of biofilms by severing cell-to-cell contacts and inducing cell lysis, which resulted in the loss of normal cell shape. Our findings suggest that plant-derived quercetin should be used as an antimicrobial agent in the food industry to control the development of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> biofilms. These outcomes suggest that bacterial targets are of interest for biofilm reduction, with alternative natural food agents in the food sector along the entire food production chain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f048f22d136845fb92c4f238ca3228f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-f048f22d136845fb92c4f238ca3228f22023-11-23T14:48:02ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-08-01119173310.3390/antiox11091733The Inhibitory Effect of Quercetin on Biofilm Formation of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Mixed Culture and Repression of VirulencePantu Kumar Roy0Min Gyu Song1Shin Young Park2Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, KoreaInstitute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, KoreaInstitute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is the species of foodborne pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. The food production chain employs various methods to control biofilms, although none are completely successful. This study evaluates the effectiveness of quercetin as a food additive in reducing <i>L. monocytogenes</i> mixed cultures (ATCC19113, ATCC19117, and ATCC15313) biofilm formation on stainless steel (SS), silicon rubber (SR), and hand glove (HG) coupons, as well as tests its antimicrobial activities. With a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 µg/mL, the tested quercetin exhibited the lowest bactericidal action with no visible bacterial growth. In contrast, during various experiments in this work, the inhibitory efficacy of quercetin at sub-MICs levels (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 MIC) against <i>L. monocytogenes</i> was examined. A control group was not added with quercetin. The current study also investigates the effect of quercetin on the expression of different genes engaged in motility (<i>flaA</i>, <i>fbp</i>), QS (<i>agrA</i>), and virulence (<i>hlyA</i>, <i>prfA</i>). Through increasing quercetin concentration, swarming and swimming motility, biofilm formation, and expression levels of target genes linked to flagella motility, virulence, and quorum-sensing were all dramatically reduced. Quercetin (0–125 μg/mL) was investigated on the SS, SR, and HG surfaces; the inhibitory effects were 0.39–2.07, 0.09–1.96 and 0.03–1.69 log CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) corroborated the findings because quercetin prevented the development of biofilms by severing cell-to-cell contacts and inducing cell lysis, which resulted in the loss of normal cell shape. Our findings suggest that plant-derived quercetin should be used as an antimicrobial agent in the food industry to control the development of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> biofilms. These outcomes suggest that bacterial targets are of interest for biofilm reduction, with alternative natural food agents in the food sector along the entire food production chain.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/9/1733<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>quercetinbiofilmstainless steelrubberhand gloves |
| spellingShingle | Pantu Kumar Roy Min Gyu Song Shin Young Park The Inhibitory Effect of Quercetin on Biofilm Formation of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Mixed Culture and Repression of Virulence Antioxidants <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> quercetin biofilm stainless steel rubber hand gloves |
| title | The Inhibitory Effect of Quercetin on Biofilm Formation of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Mixed Culture and Repression of Virulence |
| title_full | The Inhibitory Effect of Quercetin on Biofilm Formation of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Mixed Culture and Repression of Virulence |
| title_fullStr | The Inhibitory Effect of Quercetin on Biofilm Formation of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Mixed Culture and Repression of Virulence |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Inhibitory Effect of Quercetin on Biofilm Formation of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Mixed Culture and Repression of Virulence |
| title_short | The Inhibitory Effect of Quercetin on Biofilm Formation of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Mixed Culture and Repression of Virulence |
| title_sort | inhibitory effect of quercetin on biofilm formation of i listeria monocytogenes i mixed culture and repression of virulence |
| topic | <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> quercetin biofilm stainless steel rubber hand gloves |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/9/1733 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pantukumarroy theinhibitoryeffectofquercetinonbiofilmformationofilisteriamonocytogenesimixedcultureandrepressionofvirulence AT mingyusong theinhibitoryeffectofquercetinonbiofilmformationofilisteriamonocytogenesimixedcultureandrepressionofvirulence AT shinyoungpark theinhibitoryeffectofquercetinonbiofilmformationofilisteriamonocytogenesimixedcultureandrepressionofvirulence AT pantukumarroy inhibitoryeffectofquercetinonbiofilmformationofilisteriamonocytogenesimixedcultureandrepressionofvirulence AT mingyusong inhibitoryeffectofquercetinonbiofilmformationofilisteriamonocytogenesimixedcultureandrepressionofvirulence AT shinyoungpark inhibitoryeffectofquercetinonbiofilmformationofilisteriamonocytogenesimixedcultureandrepressionofvirulence |