Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts
Abstract Background Nowadays, the engineering vascular grafts with a diameter less than 6 mm by means of electrospinning, is an attracted alternative technique to create different three-dimensional microenvironments with appropriate physicochemical properties to promote the nutrient transport and to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Biomaterials Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-021-00240-8 |
| _version_ | 1797289007197978624 |
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| author | Yuliet Montoya José Cardenas John Bustamante Raúl Valencia |
| author_facet | Yuliet Montoya José Cardenas John Bustamante Raúl Valencia |
| author_sort | Yuliet Montoya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Nowadays, the engineering vascular grafts with a diameter less than 6 mm by means of electrospinning, is an attracted alternative technique to create different three-dimensional microenvironments with appropriate physicochemical properties to promote the nutrient transport and to enable the bioactivity, dynamic growth and differentiation of cells. Although the performance of a well-designed porous wall is key for these functional requirements maintaining the mechanical function, yet predicting the flow rate and cellular transport are still not widely understood and many questions remain open about new configurations of wall can be used for modifying the conventional electrospun samples. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fabrication techniques on scaffolds composed of bovine gelatin and polycaprolactone (PCL) developed by sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning, on the morphology and fluid-mechanical properties of the porous wall. Methodology For this purpose, small diameter tubular structures were manufactured and experimental tests were performed to characterize the crystallinity, morphology, wettability, permeability, degradability, and mechanical properties. Some samples were cross-linked with Glutaraldehyde (GA) to improve the stability of the gelatin fiber. In addition, it was analyzed how the characteristics of the scaffold favored the levels of cell adhesion and proliferation in an in vitro model of 3T3 fibroblasts in incubation periods of 24, 48 and 72 h. Results It was found that in terms of the morphology of tubular scaffolds, the co-electrospun samples had a better alignment with higher values of fiber diameters and apparent pore area than the sequential samples. The static permeability was more significant in the sequential scaffolds and the hydrophilic was higher in the co-electrospun samples. Therefore, the gelatin mass losses were less in the co-electrospun samples, which promote cellular functions. In terms of mechanical properties, no significant differences were observed for different types of samples. Conclusion This research concluded that the tubular scaffolds generated by sequential and co-electrospinning with modification in the microarchitecture could be used as a vascular graft, as they have better permeability and wettability, interconnected pores, and a circumferential tensile strength similar to native vessel compared to the commercial graft analyzed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T18:57:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0596a6f6e4642b391221b4d540b2e72 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2055-7124 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T18:57:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomaterials Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0596a6f6e4642b391221b4d540b2e722024-03-02T00:07:31ZengAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Biomaterials Research2055-71242021-11-0125111710.1186/s40824-021-00240-8Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular graftsYuliet Montoya0José Cardenas1John Bustamante2Raúl Valencia3Grupo de Dinámica Cardiovascular, Centro de Bioingeniería, Universidad Pontificia BolivarianaGrupo de Automática y Diseño A+D, Universidad Pontificia BolivarianaGrupo de Dinámica Cardiovascular, Centro de Bioingeniería, Universidad Pontificia BolivarianaGrupo de Automática y Diseño A+D, Universidad Pontificia BolivarianaAbstract Background Nowadays, the engineering vascular grafts with a diameter less than 6 mm by means of electrospinning, is an attracted alternative technique to create different three-dimensional microenvironments with appropriate physicochemical properties to promote the nutrient transport and to enable the bioactivity, dynamic growth and differentiation of cells. Although the performance of a well-designed porous wall is key for these functional requirements maintaining the mechanical function, yet predicting the flow rate and cellular transport are still not widely understood and many questions remain open about new configurations of wall can be used for modifying the conventional electrospun samples. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fabrication techniques on scaffolds composed of bovine gelatin and polycaprolactone (PCL) developed by sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning, on the morphology and fluid-mechanical properties of the porous wall. Methodology For this purpose, small diameter tubular structures were manufactured and experimental tests were performed to characterize the crystallinity, morphology, wettability, permeability, degradability, and mechanical properties. Some samples were cross-linked with Glutaraldehyde (GA) to improve the stability of the gelatin fiber. In addition, it was analyzed how the characteristics of the scaffold favored the levels of cell adhesion and proliferation in an in vitro model of 3T3 fibroblasts in incubation periods of 24, 48 and 72 h. Results It was found that in terms of the morphology of tubular scaffolds, the co-electrospun samples had a better alignment with higher values of fiber diameters and apparent pore area than the sequential samples. The static permeability was more significant in the sequential scaffolds and the hydrophilic was higher in the co-electrospun samples. Therefore, the gelatin mass losses were less in the co-electrospun samples, which promote cellular functions. In terms of mechanical properties, no significant differences were observed for different types of samples. Conclusion This research concluded that the tubular scaffolds generated by sequential and co-electrospinning with modification in the microarchitecture could be used as a vascular graft, as they have better permeability and wettability, interconnected pores, and a circumferential tensile strength similar to native vessel compared to the commercial graft analyzed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-021-00240-8Small diameter vascular graftSequential and co-electrospinningMorphology of scaffoldsPhysicochemical propertiesFluid-mechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Yuliet Montoya José Cardenas John Bustamante Raúl Valencia Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts Biomaterials Research Small diameter vascular graft Sequential and co-electrospinning Morphology of scaffolds Physicochemical properties Fluid-mechanical properties |
| title | Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts |
| title_full | Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts |
| title_fullStr | Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts |
| title_short | Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts |
| title_sort | effect of sequential electrospinning and co electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts |
| topic | Small diameter vascular graft Sequential and co-electrospinning Morphology of scaffolds Physicochemical properties Fluid-mechanical properties |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-021-00240-8 |
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