The Glymphatic System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke Treatment
The glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that facilitates the clearance of brain metabolic wastes. The complicated network of the GS consists of the periarterial CSF influx pathway, astrocytes-med...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.689098/full |
| _version_ | 1819122445789954048 |
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| author | Tao Lv Bing Zhao Qin Hu Xiaohua Zhang |
| author_facet | Tao Lv Bing Zhao Qin Hu Xiaohua Zhang |
| author_sort | Tao Lv |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that facilitates the clearance of brain metabolic wastes. The complicated network of the GS consists of the periarterial CSF influx pathway, astrocytes-mediated convective transport of fluid and solutes supported by AQP4 water channels, and perivenous efflux pathway. Recent researches indicate that the GS dysfunction is associated with various neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, migraine, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Meanwhile, the GS also plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of stroke, including brain edema, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we illustrated the key anatomical structures of the GS, the relationship between the GS and the meningeal lymphatic system, the interaction between the GS and the BBB, and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other GS cellular components. In addition, we contributed to the current knowledge about the role of the GS in the pathology of stroke and the role of AQP4 in stroke. We further discussed the potential use of the GS in early risk assessment, diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics of stroke. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T06:52:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f060ec94b01841028c6c323a8ddc06ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T06:52:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-f060ec94b01841028c6c323a8ddc06ab2022-12-21T18:35:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652021-07-011310.3389/fnagi.2021.689098689098The Glymphatic System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke TreatmentTao Lv0Bing Zhao1Qin Hu2Xiaohua Zhang3Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaCentral Laboratory, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaThe glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that facilitates the clearance of brain metabolic wastes. The complicated network of the GS consists of the periarterial CSF influx pathway, astrocytes-mediated convective transport of fluid and solutes supported by AQP4 water channels, and perivenous efflux pathway. Recent researches indicate that the GS dysfunction is associated with various neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, migraine, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Meanwhile, the GS also plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of stroke, including brain edema, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we illustrated the key anatomical structures of the GS, the relationship between the GS and the meningeal lymphatic system, the interaction between the GS and the BBB, and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other GS cellular components. In addition, we contributed to the current knowledge about the role of the GS in the pathology of stroke and the role of AQP4 in stroke. We further discussed the potential use of the GS in early risk assessment, diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics of stroke.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.689098/fullglymphatic systemAQP4astrocytesmeningeal lymphatic systemstroke |
| spellingShingle | Tao Lv Bing Zhao Qin Hu Xiaohua Zhang The Glymphatic System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke Treatment Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience glymphatic system AQP4 astrocytes meningeal lymphatic system stroke |
| title | The Glymphatic System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke Treatment |
| title_full | The Glymphatic System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke Treatment |
| title_fullStr | The Glymphatic System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Glymphatic System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke Treatment |
| title_short | The Glymphatic System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke Treatment |
| title_sort | glymphatic system a novel therapeutic target for stroke treatment |
| topic | glymphatic system AQP4 astrocytes meningeal lymphatic system stroke |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.689098/full |
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