AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract
Background: Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) plays an anti-inflammatory role in a variety of inflammatory diseases such as gastritis, hepatitis, and colitis. However, inflammation-regulatory activity of the calyx of the P. ginseng berry has not been thoroughly evaluated. To understand whether the caly...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2018-10-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Ginseng Research |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845317301215 |
| _version_ | 1818134058764337152 |
|---|---|
| author | Sang Yun Han Juewon Kim Eunji Kim Su Hwan Kim Dae Bang Seo Jong-Hoon Kim Song Seok Shin Jae Youl Cho |
| author_facet | Sang Yun Han Juewon Kim Eunji Kim Su Hwan Kim Dae Bang Seo Jong-Hoon Kim Song Seok Shin Jae Youl Cho |
| author_sort | Sang Yun Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) plays an anti-inflammatory role in a variety of inflammatory diseases such as gastritis, hepatitis, and colitis. However, inflammation-regulatory activity of the calyx of the P. ginseng berry has not been thoroughly evaluated. To understand whether the calyx portion of the P. ginseng berry is able to ameliorate inflammatory processes, an ethanolic extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-EE) was prepared, and lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages and HEK293 cells transfected with inflammation-regulatory proteins were used to test the anti-inflammatory action of Pg-C-EE. Methods: The ginsenoside contents of Pg-C-EE were analyzed by HPLC. Suppressive activity of Pg-C-EE on NO production, inflammatory gene expression, transcriptional activation, and inflammation signaling events were examined using the Griess assay, reverse transcription-polymerization chain reaction, luciferase activity reporter gene assay, and immunoblotting analysis. Results: Pg-C-EE reduced NO production and diminished mRNA expression of inflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible NO synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-α in a dose-dependent manner. This extract suppressed luciferase activity induced only by nuclear factor-κB. Interestingly, immunoblotting analysis results demonstrated that Pg-C-EE reduced the activities of protein kinase B (AKT)1 and AKT2. Conclusion: These results suggest that Pg-C-EE may have nuclear-factor-κB-targeted anti-inflammatory properties through suppression of AKT. The calyx of the P. ginseng berry is an underused part of the ginseng plant, and development of calyx-derived extracts may be useful for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Keywords: AKT, anti-inflammatory activity, calyx of berry, nuclear factor-κB, Panax ginseng |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:02:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f063a9612f4642e4b74ac2f2fae08e7b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1226-8453 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:02:35Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ginseng Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-f063a9612f4642e4b74ac2f2fae08e7b2022-12-22T01:13:43ZengElsevierJournal of Ginseng Research1226-84532018-10-01424496503AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extractSang Yun Han0Juewon Kim1Eunji Kim2Su Hwan Kim3Dae Bang Seo4Jong-Hoon Kim5Song Seok Shin6Jae Youl Cho7Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of KoreaVital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific Research and Development Center, Suwon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of KoreaVital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific Research and Development Center, Suwon, Republic of KoreaVital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific Research and Development Center, Suwon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific Research and Development Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Vital Beautie Research Division, Research and Development Unit, Amorepacific Research and Development Unit, 1920 Yonggu-daero, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea.Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.Background: Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) plays an anti-inflammatory role in a variety of inflammatory diseases such as gastritis, hepatitis, and colitis. However, inflammation-regulatory activity of the calyx of the P. ginseng berry has not been thoroughly evaluated. To understand whether the calyx portion of the P. ginseng berry is able to ameliorate inflammatory processes, an ethanolic extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-EE) was prepared, and lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages and HEK293 cells transfected with inflammation-regulatory proteins were used to test the anti-inflammatory action of Pg-C-EE. Methods: The ginsenoside contents of Pg-C-EE were analyzed by HPLC. Suppressive activity of Pg-C-EE on NO production, inflammatory gene expression, transcriptional activation, and inflammation signaling events were examined using the Griess assay, reverse transcription-polymerization chain reaction, luciferase activity reporter gene assay, and immunoblotting analysis. Results: Pg-C-EE reduced NO production and diminished mRNA expression of inflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible NO synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-α in a dose-dependent manner. This extract suppressed luciferase activity induced only by nuclear factor-κB. Interestingly, immunoblotting analysis results demonstrated that Pg-C-EE reduced the activities of protein kinase B (AKT)1 and AKT2. Conclusion: These results suggest that Pg-C-EE may have nuclear-factor-κB-targeted anti-inflammatory properties through suppression of AKT. The calyx of the P. ginseng berry is an underused part of the ginseng plant, and development of calyx-derived extracts may be useful for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Keywords: AKT, anti-inflammatory activity, calyx of berry, nuclear factor-κB, Panax ginsenghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845317301215 |
| spellingShingle | Sang Yun Han Juewon Kim Eunji Kim Su Hwan Kim Dae Bang Seo Jong-Hoon Kim Song Seok Shin Jae Youl Cho AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract Journal of Ginseng Research |
| title | AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract |
| title_full | AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract |
| title_fullStr | AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract |
| title_short | AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract |
| title_sort | akt targeted anti inflammatory activity of panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845317301215 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sangyunhan akttargetedantiinflammatoryactivityofpanaxginsengcalyxethanolicextract AT juewonkim akttargetedantiinflammatoryactivityofpanaxginsengcalyxethanolicextract AT eunjikim akttargetedantiinflammatoryactivityofpanaxginsengcalyxethanolicextract AT suhwankim akttargetedantiinflammatoryactivityofpanaxginsengcalyxethanolicextract AT daebangseo akttargetedantiinflammatoryactivityofpanaxginsengcalyxethanolicextract AT jonghoonkim akttargetedantiinflammatoryactivityofpanaxginsengcalyxethanolicextract AT songseokshin akttargetedantiinflammatoryactivityofpanaxginsengcalyxethanolicextract AT jaeyoulcho akttargetedantiinflammatoryactivityofpanaxginsengcalyxethanolicextract |