Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Madecassic Acid against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Antibacterial resistance has become one of the most serious problems threating global health. To overcome this urgent problem, many scientists have paid great attention to developing new antibacterial drugs from natural products. Hence, for exploring new antibacterial drugs from Chinese medicine, a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/4/1895 |
| _version_ | 1797619052119588864 |
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| author | Chunling Wei Peiwu Cui Xiangqian Liu |
| author_facet | Chunling Wei Peiwu Cui Xiangqian Liu |
| author_sort | Chunling Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antibacterial resistance has become one of the most serious problems threating global health. To overcome this urgent problem, many scientists have paid great attention to developing new antibacterial drugs from natural products. Hence, for exploring new antibacterial drugs from Chinese medicine, a series of experiments were carried out for verifying and elucidating the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of madecassic acid (MA), which is an active triterpenoid compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine, <i>Centella asiatica</i>. The antibacterial activity was investigated through measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the growth curve, and the effect on the bacterial biofilm, respectively. Meanwhile, the antibacterial mechanism was also discussed from the aspects of cell wall integrity variation, cell membrane permeability, and the activities of related enzymes in the respiratory metabolic pathway before and after the intervention by MA. The results showed that MA had an inhibitory effect on eight kinds of pathogenic bacteria, and the MIC values for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> were 31.25, 62.5, 250, 125, 62.5, and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. For instance, 31.25 µg/mL MA could inhibit the growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> within 28 h. The antibacterial mechanism experiments confirmed that MA could destroy the integrity of the cell membrane and cell wall of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, causing the leakage of macromolecular substances, inhibiting the synthesis of soluble proteins, reducing the activities of succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, and interacting with DNA, leading to the relaxation and ring opening of supercoiled DNA. Besides, the activities of DNA topoisomerase I and II were both inhibited by MA, which led to the cell growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> being repressed. This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for the application of MA in the control and inhibition of food-borne <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:21:31Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:21:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-f06eefd6c539434fb30d5fff03aa3e692023-11-16T22:24:41ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-02-01284189510.3390/molecules28041895Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Madecassic Acid against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Chunling Wei0Peiwu Cui1Xiangqian Liu2College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaAntibacterial resistance has become one of the most serious problems threating global health. To overcome this urgent problem, many scientists have paid great attention to developing new antibacterial drugs from natural products. Hence, for exploring new antibacterial drugs from Chinese medicine, a series of experiments were carried out for verifying and elucidating the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of madecassic acid (MA), which is an active triterpenoid compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine, <i>Centella asiatica</i>. The antibacterial activity was investigated through measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the growth curve, and the effect on the bacterial biofilm, respectively. Meanwhile, the antibacterial mechanism was also discussed from the aspects of cell wall integrity variation, cell membrane permeability, and the activities of related enzymes in the respiratory metabolic pathway before and after the intervention by MA. The results showed that MA had an inhibitory effect on eight kinds of pathogenic bacteria, and the MIC values for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> were 31.25, 62.5, 250, 125, 62.5, and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. For instance, 31.25 µg/mL MA could inhibit the growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> within 28 h. The antibacterial mechanism experiments confirmed that MA could destroy the integrity of the cell membrane and cell wall of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, causing the leakage of macromolecular substances, inhibiting the synthesis of soluble proteins, reducing the activities of succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, and interacting with DNA, leading to the relaxation and ring opening of supercoiled DNA. Besides, the activities of DNA topoisomerase I and II were both inhibited by MA, which led to the cell growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> being repressed. This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for the application of MA in the control and inhibition of food-borne <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/4/1895madecassic acid<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>antibacterial activityantibacterial mechanism |
| spellingShingle | Chunling Wei Peiwu Cui Xiangqian Liu Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Madecassic Acid against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Molecules madecassic acid <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> antibacterial activity antibacterial mechanism |
| title | Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Madecassic Acid against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_full | Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Madecassic Acid against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Madecassic Acid against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Madecassic Acid against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_short | Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Madecassic Acid against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_sort | antibacterial activity and mechanism of madecassic acid against i staphylococcus aureus i |
| topic | madecassic acid <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> antibacterial activity antibacterial mechanism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/4/1895 |
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