Green Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Achillea maritima</i> subsp. <i>maritima</i> Aqueous Extract: Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential and Effect on Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens
Novel silver nanoparticles were synthesized based on a simple and non-toxic method by applying the green synthesis technique, using, for the first time, the aqueous extract of an extremophile plant belonging to the <i>Achillea maritima</i> subsp. <i>maritima</i> species. AgNP...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/13/1964 |
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| author | Badiaa Essghaier Hédia Hannachi Rihem Nouir Filomena Mottola Lucia Rocco |
| author_facet | Badiaa Essghaier Hédia Hannachi Rihem Nouir Filomena Mottola Lucia Rocco |
| author_sort | Badiaa Essghaier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Novel silver nanoparticles were synthesized based on a simple and non-toxic method by applying the green synthesis technique, using, for the first time, the aqueous extract of an extremophile plant belonging to the <i>Achillea maritima</i> subsp. <i>maritima</i> species. AgNP characterization was performed via UV-Visible, front-face fluorescence spectroscopy, and FTIR and XRD analyses. AgNP formation was immediately confirmed by a color change from yellow to brown and by a surface plasmon resonance peak using UV-Vis spectroscopy at 420 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape with a size ranging from approximatively 14.13 to 21.26 nm. The presented silver nanoparticles exhibited strong antioxidant activity following a DPPH assay compared to ascorbic acid, with IC50 values of about 0.089 µg/mL and 22.54 µg/mL, respectively. The AgNPs showed higher antidiabetic capacities than acarbose, by inhibiting both alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase. The silver nanoparticles could affect various bacterial mechanisms of virulence, such as EPS production, biofilm formation and DNA damage. The silver nanoparticles showed no lysozyme activity on the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. The AgNPs also had a strong inhibitory effect on the <i>Candida albicans</i> virulence factor (extracellular enzymes, biofilm formation). The microscopic observation showed abnormal morphogenesis and agglomeration of <i>Candida albicans</i> exposed to AgNPs. The AgNPs showed no cytotoxic effect on human cells in an MTT assay. The use of novel silver nanoparticles is encouraged in the formulation of natural antimicrobial and antidiabetic agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:33:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0716a030e91403c8bd8ab77f223a8f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:33:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0716a030e91403c8bd8ab77f223a8f22023-11-18T17:11:58ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912023-06-011313196410.3390/nano13131964Green Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Achillea maritima</i> subsp. <i>maritima</i> Aqueous Extract: Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential and Effect on Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial and Fungal PathogensBadiaa Essghaier0Hédia Hannachi1Rihem Nouir2Filomena Mottola3Lucia Rocco4Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology LR01ES05, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 2092, TunisiaLaboratory of Vegetable Productivity and Environmental Constraint LR18ES04, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El-Manar II, Tunis 2092, TunisiaLaboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications (LSAMA), Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 2092, TunisiaDepartment of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, ItalyDepartment of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, ItalyNovel silver nanoparticles were synthesized based on a simple and non-toxic method by applying the green synthesis technique, using, for the first time, the aqueous extract of an extremophile plant belonging to the <i>Achillea maritima</i> subsp. <i>maritima</i> species. AgNP characterization was performed via UV-Visible, front-face fluorescence spectroscopy, and FTIR and XRD analyses. AgNP formation was immediately confirmed by a color change from yellow to brown and by a surface plasmon resonance peak using UV-Vis spectroscopy at 420 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape with a size ranging from approximatively 14.13 to 21.26 nm. The presented silver nanoparticles exhibited strong antioxidant activity following a DPPH assay compared to ascorbic acid, with IC50 values of about 0.089 µg/mL and 22.54 µg/mL, respectively. The AgNPs showed higher antidiabetic capacities than acarbose, by inhibiting both alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase. The silver nanoparticles could affect various bacterial mechanisms of virulence, such as EPS production, biofilm formation and DNA damage. The silver nanoparticles showed no lysozyme activity on the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. The AgNPs also had a strong inhibitory effect on the <i>Candida albicans</i> virulence factor (extracellular enzymes, biofilm formation). The microscopic observation showed abnormal morphogenesis and agglomeration of <i>Candida albicans</i> exposed to AgNPs. The AgNPs showed no cytotoxic effect on human cells in an MTT assay. The use of novel silver nanoparticles is encouraged in the formulation of natural antimicrobial and antidiabetic agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/13/1964silver nanoparticles<i>Achillea maritima</i>antioxidantantibacterialantifungalantidiabetic |
| spellingShingle | Badiaa Essghaier Hédia Hannachi Rihem Nouir Filomena Mottola Lucia Rocco Green Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Achillea maritima</i> subsp. <i>maritima</i> Aqueous Extract: Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential and Effect on Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens Nanomaterials silver nanoparticles <i>Achillea maritima</i> antioxidant antibacterial antifungal antidiabetic |
| title | Green Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Achillea maritima</i> subsp. <i>maritima</i> Aqueous Extract: Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential and Effect on Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens |
| title_full | Green Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Achillea maritima</i> subsp. <i>maritima</i> Aqueous Extract: Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential and Effect on Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Green Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Achillea maritima</i> subsp. <i>maritima</i> Aqueous Extract: Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential and Effect on Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Achillea maritima</i> subsp. <i>maritima</i> Aqueous Extract: Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential and Effect on Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens |
| title_short | Green Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Achillea maritima</i> subsp. <i>maritima</i> Aqueous Extract: Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential and Effect on Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens |
| title_sort | green synthesis and characterization of novel silver nanoparticles using i achillea maritima i subsp i maritima i aqueous extract antioxidant and antidiabetic potential and effect on virulence mechanisms of bacterial and fungal pathogens |
| topic | silver nanoparticles <i>Achillea maritima</i> antioxidant antibacterial antifungal antidiabetic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/13/1964 |
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