Unveiling per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in Chinese paper products and assessing their exposure risk
The contamination characteristics, migration patterns and health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were investigated in 66 Chinese paper products by using target and non-target screening methods. Among 57 target PFASs, 5 and 6 PFASs were found in the hygiene paper products (<LOQ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024001260 |
| _version_ | 1827311245090357248 |
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| author | Yan-Fei Chen Ting Liu Li-Xin Hu Chang-Er Chen Bin Yang Guang-Guo Ying |
| author_facet | Yan-Fei Chen Ting Liu Li-Xin Hu Chang-Er Chen Bin Yang Guang-Guo Ying |
| author_sort | Yan-Fei Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The contamination characteristics, migration patterns and health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were investigated in 66 Chinese paper products by using target and non-target screening methods. Among 57 target PFASs, 5 and 6 PFASs were found in the hygiene paper products (<LOQ-12.6 ng/g) and stationery paper products (<LOQ-8.8 ng/g), respectively. A total of 25 PFASs were detected in the 39 food contact paper products, with the highest concentration of 1630 ng/g. Suspect and non-target analysis have found 28 PFASs with confidence levels 1–3, 132 certain PFAS compounds (level 4) and 56 homologue groups (level 5), containing newly identified long-chain polyfluorocarboxylic acid (9:3/11:3FTCA, 11:3/13:3FTUCA) and X:2 FTOH-Sulfate. A potential transformation relationship between the detected PFAS was proposed, starting from X:2 FTOH and finally transforming to CnF2n+1COOH. Microwave heating can increase the release of PFAS in popcorn bags and convert long-chain PFAS into short-chain ones. The migration experiments indicated that the ethanol in food simulants can increase the migration of PFAS, and short-chain PFAS exhibits a greater migration trend. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values for 6 of 18 paper bowls/plates exceeded the recommendation of 0.63 ng/kg bw/day by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), posing a potential threat to human health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T18:37:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f088fd43936640d4b6b6ebdb6c9ef7fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:14:46Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj.art-f088fd43936640d4b6b6ebdb6c9ef7fe2024-03-23T06:22:17ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202024-03-01185108540Unveiling per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in Chinese paper products and assessing their exposure riskYan-Fei Chen0Ting Liu1Li-Xin Hu2Chang-Er Chen3Bin Yang4Guang-Guo Ying5SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Corresponding author at: No. 407, Science Building 3, South China Normal University, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China.SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaThe contamination characteristics, migration patterns and health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were investigated in 66 Chinese paper products by using target and non-target screening methods. Among 57 target PFASs, 5 and 6 PFASs were found in the hygiene paper products (<LOQ-12.6 ng/g) and stationery paper products (<LOQ-8.8 ng/g), respectively. A total of 25 PFASs were detected in the 39 food contact paper products, with the highest concentration of 1630 ng/g. Suspect and non-target analysis have found 28 PFASs with confidence levels 1–3, 132 certain PFAS compounds (level 4) and 56 homologue groups (level 5), containing newly identified long-chain polyfluorocarboxylic acid (9:3/11:3FTCA, 11:3/13:3FTUCA) and X:2 FTOH-Sulfate. A potential transformation relationship between the detected PFAS was proposed, starting from X:2 FTOH and finally transforming to CnF2n+1COOH. Microwave heating can increase the release of PFAS in popcorn bags and convert long-chain PFAS into short-chain ones. The migration experiments indicated that the ethanol in food simulants can increase the migration of PFAS, and short-chain PFAS exhibits a greater migration trend. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values for 6 of 18 paper bowls/plates exceeded the recommendation of 0.63 ng/kg bw/day by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), posing a potential threat to human health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024001260Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substancesPaper productsNon-target analysisMigrationRisk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Yan-Fei Chen Ting Liu Li-Xin Hu Chang-Er Chen Bin Yang Guang-Guo Ying Unveiling per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in Chinese paper products and assessing their exposure risk Environment International Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances Paper products Non-target analysis Migration Risk assessment |
| title | Unveiling per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in Chinese paper products and assessing their exposure risk |
| title_full | Unveiling per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in Chinese paper products and assessing their exposure risk |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in Chinese paper products and assessing their exposure risk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in Chinese paper products and assessing their exposure risk |
| title_short | Unveiling per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in Chinese paper products and assessing their exposure risk |
| title_sort | unveiling per and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in chinese paper products and assessing their exposure risk |
| topic | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances Paper products Non-target analysis Migration Risk assessment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024001260 |
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