Deconstructing athletes’ sleep: A systematic review of the influence of age, sex, athletic expertise, sport type, and season on sleep characteristics
Purpose: This systematic review aimed to describe objective sleep parameters for athletes under different conditions and address potential sleep issues in this specific population. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched from inception to April 2019. Included studies measured sleep only via objecti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Sport and Health Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254620300375 |
| _version_ | 1818658013640130560 |
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| author | Angelos Vlahoyiannis George Aphamis Gregory C. Bogdanis Giorgos K. Sakkas Eleni Andreou Christoforos D. Giannaki |
| author_facet | Angelos Vlahoyiannis George Aphamis Gregory C. Bogdanis Giorgos K. Sakkas Eleni Andreou Christoforos D. Giannaki |
| author_sort | Angelos Vlahoyiannis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: This systematic review aimed to describe objective sleep parameters for athletes under different conditions and address potential sleep issues in this specific population. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched from inception to April 2019. Included studies measured sleep only via objective evaluation tools such as polysomnography or actigraphy. The modified version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used for the quality assessment of the studies. Results: Eighty-one studies were included, of which 56 were classified as medium quality, 5 studies as low quality, and 20 studies as high quality. A total of 1830 athletes were monitored over 18,958 nights. Average values for sleep-related parameters were calculated for all athletes according to sex, age, athletic expertise level, training season, and type of sport. Athletes slept on average 7.2 ± 1.1 h/night (mean ± SD), with 86.3% ± 6.8% sleep efficiency (SE). In all datasets, the athletes’ mean total sleep time was <8 h. SE was low for young athletes (80.3% ± 8.8%). Reduced SE was attributed to high wake after sleep onset rather than sleep onset latency. During heavy training periods, sleep duration and SE were on average 36 min and 0.8% less compared to pre-season and 42 min and 3.0% less compared to in-season training periods, respectively. Conclusion: Athletes’ sleep duration was found to be short with low SE, in comparison to the general consensus for non-athlete healthy adults. Notable sleep issues were revealed in young athletes. Sleep quality and architecture tend to change across different training periods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T03:50:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f098b3e125b2415a961b70ffe25f6a9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-2546 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T03:50:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Sport and Health Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-f098b3e125b2415a961b70ffe25f6a9a2022-12-21T22:04:45ZengElsevierJournal of Sport and Health Science2095-25462021-07-01104387402Deconstructing athletes’ sleep: A systematic review of the influence of age, sex, athletic expertise, sport type, and season on sleep characteristicsAngelos Vlahoyiannis0George Aphamis1Gregory C. Bogdanis2Giorgos K. Sakkas3Eleni Andreou4Christoforos D. Giannaki5Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, CyprusDepartment of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, CyprusSchool of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 17237, GreeceDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala 42100, Greece; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UKDepartment of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, CyprusDepartment of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus; Corresponding author.Purpose: This systematic review aimed to describe objective sleep parameters for athletes under different conditions and address potential sleep issues in this specific population. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched from inception to April 2019. Included studies measured sleep only via objective evaluation tools such as polysomnography or actigraphy. The modified version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used for the quality assessment of the studies. Results: Eighty-one studies were included, of which 56 were classified as medium quality, 5 studies as low quality, and 20 studies as high quality. A total of 1830 athletes were monitored over 18,958 nights. Average values for sleep-related parameters were calculated for all athletes according to sex, age, athletic expertise level, training season, and type of sport. Athletes slept on average 7.2 ± 1.1 h/night (mean ± SD), with 86.3% ± 6.8% sleep efficiency (SE). In all datasets, the athletes’ mean total sleep time was <8 h. SE was low for young athletes (80.3% ± 8.8%). Reduced SE was attributed to high wake after sleep onset rather than sleep onset latency. During heavy training periods, sleep duration and SE were on average 36 min and 0.8% less compared to pre-season and 42 min and 3.0% less compared to in-season training periods, respectively. Conclusion: Athletes’ sleep duration was found to be short with low SE, in comparison to the general consensus for non-athlete healthy adults. Notable sleep issues were revealed in young athletes. Sleep quality and architecture tend to change across different training periods.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254620300375ActigraphyPolysomnographySleep architectureSleep durationSleep quality |
| spellingShingle | Angelos Vlahoyiannis George Aphamis Gregory C. Bogdanis Giorgos K. Sakkas Eleni Andreou Christoforos D. Giannaki Deconstructing athletes’ sleep: A systematic review of the influence of age, sex, athletic expertise, sport type, and season on sleep characteristics Journal of Sport and Health Science Actigraphy Polysomnography Sleep architecture Sleep duration Sleep quality |
| title | Deconstructing athletes’ sleep: A systematic review of the influence of age, sex, athletic expertise, sport type, and season on sleep characteristics |
| title_full | Deconstructing athletes’ sleep: A systematic review of the influence of age, sex, athletic expertise, sport type, and season on sleep characteristics |
| title_fullStr | Deconstructing athletes’ sleep: A systematic review of the influence of age, sex, athletic expertise, sport type, and season on sleep characteristics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deconstructing athletes’ sleep: A systematic review of the influence of age, sex, athletic expertise, sport type, and season on sleep characteristics |
| title_short | Deconstructing athletes’ sleep: A systematic review of the influence of age, sex, athletic expertise, sport type, and season on sleep characteristics |
| title_sort | deconstructing athletes sleep a systematic review of the influence of age sex athletic expertise sport type and season on sleep characteristics |
| topic | Actigraphy Polysomnography Sleep architecture Sleep duration Sleep quality |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254620300375 |
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