Mathematical Analysis of a Low Cost Mechanical Ventilator Respiratory Dynamics Enhanced by a Sensor Transducer (ST) Based in Nanostructures of Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO)
Mechanical ventilation systems require a device for measuring the air flow provided to a patient in order to monitor and ensure the correct quantity of air proportionated to the patient, this device is the air flow sensor. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, flow sensors were not available in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Mathematics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/14/2403 |
| _version_ | 1797433358821621760 |
|---|---|
| author | Jesús Alan Calderón Chavarri Carlos Gianpaul Rincón Ruiz Ana María Gómez Amador Bray Jesús Martin Agreda Cardenas Sebastián Calero Anaya John Hugo Lozano Jauregui Alexandr Toribio Hinostroza Juan José Jiménez de Cisneros y Fonfría |
| author_facet | Jesús Alan Calderón Chavarri Carlos Gianpaul Rincón Ruiz Ana María Gómez Amador Bray Jesús Martin Agreda Cardenas Sebastián Calero Anaya John Hugo Lozano Jauregui Alexandr Toribio Hinostroza Juan José Jiménez de Cisneros y Fonfría |
| author_sort | Jesús Alan Calderón Chavarri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mechanical ventilation systems require a device for measuring the air flow provided to a patient in order to monitor and ensure the correct quantity of air proportionated to the patient, this device is the air flow sensor. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, flow sensors were not available in Peru because of the international supply shortage. In this context, a novel air flow sensor based on an orifice plate and an intelligent transducer was developed to form an integrated device. The proposed design was focused on simple manufacturing requirements for mass production in a developing country. CAD and CAE techniques were used in the design stage, and a mathematical model of the device was proposed and calibrated experimentally for the measured data transduction. The device was tested in its real working conditions and was therefore implemented in a breathing circuit connected to a low-cost mechanical ventilation system. Results indicate that the designed air flow sensor/transducer is a low-cost complete medical device for mechanical ventilators that is able to provide all the ventilation parameters by an equivalent electrical signal to directly display the following factors: air flow, pressure and volume over time. The evaluation of the designed sensor transducer was performed according to sundry transducer parameters such as geometrical parameters, material parameters and adaptive coefficients in the main transduction algorithm; in effect, the variety of the described results were achieved by the faster response time and robustness proportionated by transducers of nanostructures based on Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO), which enhanced the designed sensor/transducer (ST) during operation in intricate geographic places, such as the Andes mountains of Peru. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:15:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f09b91aa9d284cfdb7b70f46d9a8cd12 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:15:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj.art-f09b91aa9d284cfdb7b70f46d9a8cd122023-12-01T22:24:33ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902022-07-011014240310.3390/math10142403Mathematical Analysis of a Low Cost Mechanical Ventilator Respiratory Dynamics Enhanced by a Sensor Transducer (ST) Based in Nanostructures of Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO)Jesús Alan Calderón Chavarri0Carlos Gianpaul Rincón Ruiz1Ana María Gómez Amador2Bray Jesús Martin Agreda Cardenas3Sebastián Calero Anaya4John Hugo Lozano Jauregui5Alexandr Toribio Hinostroza6Juan José Jiménez de Cisneros y Fonfría7Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut Für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, GermanyEngineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 15088, PeruDepartament of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, SpainEngineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 15088, PeruEngineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 15088, PeruEngineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 15088, PeruMechatronic Department, Northen (Artic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk 163002, RussiaEngineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 15088, PeruMechanical ventilation systems require a device for measuring the air flow provided to a patient in order to monitor and ensure the correct quantity of air proportionated to the patient, this device is the air flow sensor. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, flow sensors were not available in Peru because of the international supply shortage. In this context, a novel air flow sensor based on an orifice plate and an intelligent transducer was developed to form an integrated device. The proposed design was focused on simple manufacturing requirements for mass production in a developing country. CAD and CAE techniques were used in the design stage, and a mathematical model of the device was proposed and calibrated experimentally for the measured data transduction. The device was tested in its real working conditions and was therefore implemented in a breathing circuit connected to a low-cost mechanical ventilation system. Results indicate that the designed air flow sensor/transducer is a low-cost complete medical device for mechanical ventilators that is able to provide all the ventilation parameters by an equivalent electrical signal to directly display the following factors: air flow, pressure and volume over time. The evaluation of the designed sensor transducer was performed according to sundry transducer parameters such as geometrical parameters, material parameters and adaptive coefficients in the main transduction algorithm; in effect, the variety of the described results were achieved by the faster response time and robustness proportionated by transducers of nanostructures based on Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO), which enhanced the designed sensor/transducer (ST) during operation in intricate geographic places, such as the Andes mountains of Peru.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/14/2403air flow medical sensoremergency air flow sensorlow-cost air flow sensornanostructuresCOVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Jesús Alan Calderón Chavarri Carlos Gianpaul Rincón Ruiz Ana María Gómez Amador Bray Jesús Martin Agreda Cardenas Sebastián Calero Anaya John Hugo Lozano Jauregui Alexandr Toribio Hinostroza Juan José Jiménez de Cisneros y Fonfría Mathematical Analysis of a Low Cost Mechanical Ventilator Respiratory Dynamics Enhanced by a Sensor Transducer (ST) Based in Nanostructures of Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO) Mathematics air flow medical sensor emergency air flow sensor low-cost air flow sensor nanostructures COVID-19 |
| title | Mathematical Analysis of a Low Cost Mechanical Ventilator Respiratory Dynamics Enhanced by a Sensor Transducer (ST) Based in Nanostructures of Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO) |
| title_full | Mathematical Analysis of a Low Cost Mechanical Ventilator Respiratory Dynamics Enhanced by a Sensor Transducer (ST) Based in Nanostructures of Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO) |
| title_fullStr | Mathematical Analysis of a Low Cost Mechanical Ventilator Respiratory Dynamics Enhanced by a Sensor Transducer (ST) Based in Nanostructures of Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mathematical Analysis of a Low Cost Mechanical Ventilator Respiratory Dynamics Enhanced by a Sensor Transducer (ST) Based in Nanostructures of Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO) |
| title_short | Mathematical Analysis of a Low Cost Mechanical Ventilator Respiratory Dynamics Enhanced by a Sensor Transducer (ST) Based in Nanostructures of Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO) |
| title_sort | mathematical analysis of a low cost mechanical ventilator respiratory dynamics enhanced by a sensor transducer st based in nanostructures of anodic aluminium oxide aao |
| topic | air flow medical sensor emergency air flow sensor low-cost air flow sensor nanostructures COVID-19 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/14/2403 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jesusalancalderonchavarri mathematicalanalysisofalowcostmechanicalventilatorrespiratorydynamicsenhancedbyasensortransducerstbasedinnanostructuresofanodicaluminiumoxideaao AT carlosgianpaulrinconruiz mathematicalanalysisofalowcostmechanicalventilatorrespiratorydynamicsenhancedbyasensortransducerstbasedinnanostructuresofanodicaluminiumoxideaao AT anamariagomezamador mathematicalanalysisofalowcostmechanicalventilatorrespiratorydynamicsenhancedbyasensortransducerstbasedinnanostructuresofanodicaluminiumoxideaao AT brayjesusmartinagredacardenas mathematicalanalysisofalowcostmechanicalventilatorrespiratorydynamicsenhancedbyasensortransducerstbasedinnanostructuresofanodicaluminiumoxideaao AT sebastiancaleroanaya mathematicalanalysisofalowcostmechanicalventilatorrespiratorydynamicsenhancedbyasensortransducerstbasedinnanostructuresofanodicaluminiumoxideaao AT johnhugolozanojauregui mathematicalanalysisofalowcostmechanicalventilatorrespiratorydynamicsenhancedbyasensortransducerstbasedinnanostructuresofanodicaluminiumoxideaao AT alexandrtoribiohinostroza mathematicalanalysisofalowcostmechanicalventilatorrespiratorydynamicsenhancedbyasensortransducerstbasedinnanostructuresofanodicaluminiumoxideaao AT juanjosejimenezdecisnerosyfonfria mathematicalanalysisofalowcostmechanicalventilatorrespiratorydynamicsenhancedbyasensortransducerstbasedinnanostructuresofanodicaluminiumoxideaao |