An Improved Forwarding of Diverse Events with Mobile Sinks in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
In this paper, a novel routing strategy to cater the energy consumption and delay sensitivity issues in deep underwater wireless sensor networks is proposed. This strategy is named as ESDR: Event Segregation based Delay sensitive Routing. In this strategy sensed events are segregated on the basis of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1850 |
| _version_ | 1818015405782859776 |
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| author | Waseem Raza Farzana Arshad Imran Ahmed Wadood Abdul Sanaa Ghouzali Iftikhar Azim Niaz Nadeem Javaid |
| author_facet | Waseem Raza Farzana Arshad Imran Ahmed Wadood Abdul Sanaa Ghouzali Iftikhar Azim Niaz Nadeem Javaid |
| author_sort | Waseem Raza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, a novel routing strategy to cater the energy consumption and delay sensitivity issues in deep underwater wireless sensor networks is proposed. This strategy is named as ESDR: Event Segregation based Delay sensitive Routing. In this strategy sensed events are segregated on the basis of their criticality and, are forwarded to their respective destinations based on forwarding functions. These functions depend on different routing metrics like: Signal Quality Index, Localization free Signal to Noise Ratio, Energy Cost Function and Depth Dependent Function. The problem of incomparable values of previously defined forwarding functions causes uneven delays in forwarding process. Hence forwarding functions are redefined to ensure their comparable values in different depth regions. Packet forwarding strategy is based on the event segregation approach which forwards one third of the generated events (delay sensitive) to surface sinks and two third events (normal events) are forwarded to mobile sinks. Motion of mobile sinks is influenced by the relative distribution of normal nodes. We have also incorporated two different mobility patterns named as; adaptive mobility and uniform mobility for mobile sinks. The later one is implemented for collecting the packets generated by the normal nodes. These improvements ensure optimum holding time, uniform delay and in-time reporting of delay sensitive events. This scheme is compared with the existing ones and outperforms the existing schemes in terms of network lifetime, delay and throughput. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:57:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0a11b89f10f4adb95d359182af53313 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:57:40Z |
| publishDate | 2016-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0a11b89f10f4adb95d359182af533132022-12-22T02:06:51ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202016-11-011611185010.3390/s16111850s16111850An Improved Forwarding of Diverse Events with Mobile Sinks in Underwater Wireless Sensor NetworksWaseem Raza0Farzana Arshad1Imran Ahmed2Wadood Abdul3Sanaa Ghouzali4Iftikhar Azim Niaz5Nadeem Javaid6Department of Telecommunication Engineering, UET Taxila, Taxila 47080, PakistanDepartment of Telecommunication Engineering, UET Taxila, Taxila 47080, PakistanInstitute of Management Sciences (IMS), Peshawar 25000, PakistanDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11633, Saudi ArabiaInformation Technology Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11633, Saudi ArabiaCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, PakistanCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, PakistanIn this paper, a novel routing strategy to cater the energy consumption and delay sensitivity issues in deep underwater wireless sensor networks is proposed. This strategy is named as ESDR: Event Segregation based Delay sensitive Routing. In this strategy sensed events are segregated on the basis of their criticality and, are forwarded to their respective destinations based on forwarding functions. These functions depend on different routing metrics like: Signal Quality Index, Localization free Signal to Noise Ratio, Energy Cost Function and Depth Dependent Function. The problem of incomparable values of previously defined forwarding functions causes uneven delays in forwarding process. Hence forwarding functions are redefined to ensure their comparable values in different depth regions. Packet forwarding strategy is based on the event segregation approach which forwards one third of the generated events (delay sensitive) to surface sinks and two third events (normal events) are forwarded to mobile sinks. Motion of mobile sinks is influenced by the relative distribution of normal nodes. We have also incorporated two different mobility patterns named as; adaptive mobility and uniform mobility for mobile sinks. The later one is implemented for collecting the packets generated by the normal nodes. These improvements ensure optimum holding time, uniform delay and in-time reporting of delay sensitive events. This scheme is compared with the existing ones and outperforms the existing schemes in terms of network lifetime, delay and throughput.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1850energy efficiencydelay-sensitive routingforwarding functionholding timeevent segregationnetwork lifetimethroughput |
| spellingShingle | Waseem Raza Farzana Arshad Imran Ahmed Wadood Abdul Sanaa Ghouzali Iftikhar Azim Niaz Nadeem Javaid An Improved Forwarding of Diverse Events with Mobile Sinks in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Sensors energy efficiency delay-sensitive routing forwarding function holding time event segregation network lifetime throughput |
| title | An Improved Forwarding of Diverse Events with Mobile Sinks in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full | An Improved Forwarding of Diverse Events with Mobile Sinks in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | An Improved Forwarding of Diverse Events with Mobile Sinks in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Improved Forwarding of Diverse Events with Mobile Sinks in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_short | An Improved Forwarding of Diverse Events with Mobile Sinks in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | improved forwarding of diverse events with mobile sinks in underwater wireless sensor networks |
| topic | energy efficiency delay-sensitive routing forwarding function holding time event segregation network lifetime throughput |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1850 |
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