Preparation and Characterization of a Nano-Inclusion Complex of Quercetin with β-Cyclodextrin and Its Potential Activity on Cancer Cells
Quercetin (QRC), a flavonoid found in foods and plants such as red wine, onions, green tea, apples, and berries, possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These properties make it effective in combating cancer cells, reducing inflammation, protecting against heart disease, a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/7/1352 |
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| author | Rajaram Rajamohan Sekar Ashokkumar Kuppusamy Murugavel Yong Rok Lee |
| author_facet | Rajaram Rajamohan Sekar Ashokkumar Kuppusamy Murugavel Yong Rok Lee |
| author_sort | Rajaram Rajamohan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Quercetin (QRC), a flavonoid found in foods and plants such as red wine, onions, green tea, apples, and berries, possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These properties make it effective in combating cancer cells, reducing inflammation, protecting against heart disease, and regulating blood sugar levels. To enhance the potential of inclusion complexes (ICs) containing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in cancer therapy, they were transformed into nano-inclusion complexes (NICs). In this research, NICs were synthesized using ethanol as a reducing agent in the nanoprecipitation process. By employing FT-IR analysis, it was observed that hydrogen bonds were formed between QRC and β-CD. Moreover, the IC molecules formed NICs through the aggregation facilitated by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Proton NMR results further confirmed the occurrence of proton shielding and deshielding subsequent to the formation of NICs. The introduction of β-CDs led to the development of a distinctive feather-like structure within the NICs. The particle sizes were consistently measured around 200 nm, and both SAED and XRD patterns indicated the absence of crystalline NICs, providing supporting evidence. Through cytotoxicity and fluorescence-assisted cell-sorting analysis, the synthesized NICs showed no significant damage in the cell line of MCF-7. In comparison to QRC alone, the presence of high concentrations of NICs exhibited a lesser degree of toxicity in normal human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. Moreover, the individual and combined administration of both low and high concentrations of NICs effectively suppressed the growth of cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The solubility improvement resulting from the formation of QRC-NICs with β-CD enhanced the percentage of cell survival for MCF-7 cell types. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:50:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0a3c63144d44b2f8161775803b03132 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:50:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0a3c63144d44b2f8161775803b031322023-11-18T20:32:13ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2023-06-01147135210.3390/mi14071352Preparation and Characterization of a Nano-Inclusion Complex of Quercetin with β-Cyclodextrin and Its Potential Activity on Cancer CellsRajaram Rajamohan0Sekar Ashokkumar1Kuppusamy Murugavel2Yong Rok Lee3Organic Materials Synthesis Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaPlasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of KoreaPG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Chidambaram 608 102, Tamil Nadu, IndiaOrganic Materials Synthesis Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaQuercetin (QRC), a flavonoid found in foods and plants such as red wine, onions, green tea, apples, and berries, possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These properties make it effective in combating cancer cells, reducing inflammation, protecting against heart disease, and regulating blood sugar levels. To enhance the potential of inclusion complexes (ICs) containing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in cancer therapy, they were transformed into nano-inclusion complexes (NICs). In this research, NICs were synthesized using ethanol as a reducing agent in the nanoprecipitation process. By employing FT-IR analysis, it was observed that hydrogen bonds were formed between QRC and β-CD. Moreover, the IC molecules formed NICs through the aggregation facilitated by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Proton NMR results further confirmed the occurrence of proton shielding and deshielding subsequent to the formation of NICs. The introduction of β-CDs led to the development of a distinctive feather-like structure within the NICs. The particle sizes were consistently measured around 200 nm, and both SAED and XRD patterns indicated the absence of crystalline NICs, providing supporting evidence. Through cytotoxicity and fluorescence-assisted cell-sorting analysis, the synthesized NICs showed no significant damage in the cell line of MCF-7. In comparison to QRC alone, the presence of high concentrations of NICs exhibited a lesser degree of toxicity in normal human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. Moreover, the individual and combined administration of both low and high concentrations of NICs effectively suppressed the growth of cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The solubility improvement resulting from the formation of QRC-NICs with β-CD enhanced the percentage of cell survival for MCF-7 cell types.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/7/1352quercetinβ-cyclodextrinnano-inclusion complexnanoprecipitation processfeather-like imagesMDA-MB-231 cells |
| spellingShingle | Rajaram Rajamohan Sekar Ashokkumar Kuppusamy Murugavel Yong Rok Lee Preparation and Characterization of a Nano-Inclusion Complex of Quercetin with β-Cyclodextrin and Its Potential Activity on Cancer Cells Micromachines quercetin β-cyclodextrin nano-inclusion complex nanoprecipitation process feather-like images MDA-MB-231 cells |
| title | Preparation and Characterization of a Nano-Inclusion Complex of Quercetin with β-Cyclodextrin and Its Potential Activity on Cancer Cells |
| title_full | Preparation and Characterization of a Nano-Inclusion Complex of Quercetin with β-Cyclodextrin and Its Potential Activity on Cancer Cells |
| title_fullStr | Preparation and Characterization of a Nano-Inclusion Complex of Quercetin with β-Cyclodextrin and Its Potential Activity on Cancer Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and Characterization of a Nano-Inclusion Complex of Quercetin with β-Cyclodextrin and Its Potential Activity on Cancer Cells |
| title_short | Preparation and Characterization of a Nano-Inclusion Complex of Quercetin with β-Cyclodextrin and Its Potential Activity on Cancer Cells |
| title_sort | preparation and characterization of a nano inclusion complex of quercetin with β cyclodextrin and its potential activity on cancer cells |
| topic | quercetin β-cyclodextrin nano-inclusion complex nanoprecipitation process feather-like images MDA-MB-231 cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/7/1352 |
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