Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Import, and Assembly Pathways
The assembly of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes is an intricate process, which—given their dual-genetic control—requires tight co-regulation of two evolutionarily distinct gene expression machineries. Moreover, fine-tuning protein synthesis to the nascent assembly of OXPHO...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/11/3820 |
| _version_ | 1797566851762356224 |
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| author | Jia Xin Tang Kyle Thompson Robert W. Taylor Monika Oláhová |
| author_facet | Jia Xin Tang Kyle Thompson Robert W. Taylor Monika Oláhová |
| author_sort | Jia Xin Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The assembly of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes is an intricate process, which—given their dual-genetic control—requires tight co-regulation of two evolutionarily distinct gene expression machineries. Moreover, fine-tuning protein synthesis to the nascent assembly of OXPHOS complexes requires regulatory mechanisms such as translational plasticity and translational activators that can coordinate mitochondrial translation with the import of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. The intricacy of OXPHOS complex biogenesis is further evidenced by the requirement of many tightly orchestrated steps and ancillary factors. Early-stage ancillary chaperones have essential roles in coordinating OXPHOS assembly, whilst late-stage assembly factors—also known as the LYRM (leucine–tyrosine–arginine motif) proteins—together with the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP)—regulate the incorporation and activation of late-incorporating OXPHOS subunits and/or co-factors. In this review, we describe recent discoveries providing insights into the mechanisms required for optimal OXPHOS biogenesis, including the coordination of mitochondrial gene expression with the availability of nuclear-encoded factors entering via mitochondrial protein import systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:33:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0af452b624344d4a2903013e63ff788 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:33:14Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0af452b624344d4a2903013e63ff7882023-11-20T01:59:02ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-05-012111382010.3390/ijms21113820Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Import, and Assembly PathwaysJia Xin Tang0Kyle Thompson1Robert W. Taylor2Monika Oláhová3Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UKWellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UKWellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UKWellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UKThe assembly of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes is an intricate process, which—given their dual-genetic control—requires tight co-regulation of two evolutionarily distinct gene expression machineries. Moreover, fine-tuning protein synthesis to the nascent assembly of OXPHOS complexes requires regulatory mechanisms such as translational plasticity and translational activators that can coordinate mitochondrial translation with the import of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. The intricacy of OXPHOS complex biogenesis is further evidenced by the requirement of many tightly orchestrated steps and ancillary factors. Early-stage ancillary chaperones have essential roles in coordinating OXPHOS assembly, whilst late-stage assembly factors—also known as the LYRM (leucine–tyrosine–arginine motif) proteins—together with the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP)—regulate the incorporation and activation of late-incorporating OXPHOS subunits and/or co-factors. In this review, we describe recent discoveries providing insights into the mechanisms required for optimal OXPHOS biogenesis, including the coordination of mitochondrial gene expression with the availability of nuclear-encoded factors entering via mitochondrial protein import systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/11/3820OXPHOS biogenesismitochondrial gene expressionmitochondrial importOXPHOS assembly factorsmitochondrial ACPLYRM proteins |
| spellingShingle | Jia Xin Tang Kyle Thompson Robert W. Taylor Monika Oláhová Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Import, and Assembly Pathways International Journal of Molecular Sciences OXPHOS biogenesis mitochondrial gene expression mitochondrial import OXPHOS assembly factors mitochondrial ACP LYRM proteins |
| title | Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Import, and Assembly Pathways |
| title_full | Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Import, and Assembly Pathways |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Import, and Assembly Pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Import, and Assembly Pathways |
| title_short | Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Import, and Assembly Pathways |
| title_sort | mitochondrial oxphos biogenesis co regulation of protein synthesis import and assembly pathways |
| topic | OXPHOS biogenesis mitochondrial gene expression mitochondrial import OXPHOS assembly factors mitochondrial ACP LYRM proteins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/11/3820 |
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