Unraveling Axon Guidance during Axotomy and Regeneration
During neuronal development and regeneration axons extend a cytoskeletal-rich structure known as the growth cone, which detects and integrates signals to reach its final destination. The guidance cues “signals” bind their receptors, activating signaling cascades that result in the regulation of the...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/8344 |
| _version_ | 1797525484727173120 |
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| author | Miguel E. Domínguez-Romero Paula G. Slater |
| author_facet | Miguel E. Domínguez-Romero Paula G. Slater |
| author_sort | Miguel E. Domínguez-Romero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During neuronal development and regeneration axons extend a cytoskeletal-rich structure known as the growth cone, which detects and integrates signals to reach its final destination. The guidance cues “signals” bind their receptors, activating signaling cascades that result in the regulation of the growth cone cytoskeleton, defining growth cone advance, pausing, turning, or collapse. Even though much is known about guidance cues and their isolated mechanisms during nervous system development, there is still a gap in the understanding of the crosstalk between them, and about what happens after nervous system injuries. After neuronal injuries in mammals, only axons in the peripheral nervous system are able to regenerate, while the ones from the central nervous system fail to do so. Therefore, untangling the guidance cues mechanisms, as well as their behavior and characterization after axotomy and regeneration, are of special interest for understanding and treating neuronal injuries. In this review, we present findings on growth cone guidance and canonical guidance cues mechanisms, followed by a description and comparison of growth cone pathfinding mechanisms after axotomy, in regenerative and non-regenerative animal models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:14:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0afdb2768ee45fd98540251b2376f0a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:14:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0afdb2768ee45fd98540251b2376f0a2023-11-22T05:47:04ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-08-012215834410.3390/ijms22158344Unraveling Axon Guidance during Axotomy and RegenerationMiguel E. Domínguez-Romero0Paula G. Slater1Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, ChileDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, ChileDuring neuronal development and regeneration axons extend a cytoskeletal-rich structure known as the growth cone, which detects and integrates signals to reach its final destination. The guidance cues “signals” bind their receptors, activating signaling cascades that result in the regulation of the growth cone cytoskeleton, defining growth cone advance, pausing, turning, or collapse. Even though much is known about guidance cues and their isolated mechanisms during nervous system development, there is still a gap in the understanding of the crosstalk between them, and about what happens after nervous system injuries. After neuronal injuries in mammals, only axons in the peripheral nervous system are able to regenerate, while the ones from the central nervous system fail to do so. Therefore, untangling the guidance cues mechanisms, as well as their behavior and characterization after axotomy and regeneration, are of special interest for understanding and treating neuronal injuries. In this review, we present findings on growth cone guidance and canonical guidance cues mechanisms, followed by a description and comparison of growth cone pathfinding mechanisms after axotomy, in regenerative and non-regenerative animal models.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/8344guidance cuesgrowth coneaxotomyaxon regenerationspinal cord injury |
| spellingShingle | Miguel E. Domínguez-Romero Paula G. Slater Unraveling Axon Guidance during Axotomy and Regeneration International Journal of Molecular Sciences guidance cues growth cone axotomy axon regeneration spinal cord injury |
| title | Unraveling Axon Guidance during Axotomy and Regeneration |
| title_full | Unraveling Axon Guidance during Axotomy and Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Unraveling Axon Guidance during Axotomy and Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unraveling Axon Guidance during Axotomy and Regeneration |
| title_short | Unraveling Axon Guidance during Axotomy and Regeneration |
| title_sort | unraveling axon guidance during axotomy and regeneration |
| topic | guidance cues growth cone axotomy axon regeneration spinal cord injury |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/8344 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT migueledominguezromero unravelingaxonguidanceduringaxotomyandregeneration AT paulagslater unravelingaxonguidanceduringaxotomyandregeneration |