Immunosenescence and human vaccine immune responses
Abstract The age-related dysregulation and decline of the immune system—collectively termed “immunosenescence”—has been generally associated with an increased susceptibility to infectious pathogens and poor vaccine responses in older adults. While numerous studies have reported on the clinical outco...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2019-09-01
|
| Series: | Immunity & Ageing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12979-019-0164-9 |
| _version_ | 1818922677404958720 |
|---|---|
| author | Stephen N. Crooke Inna G. Ovsyannikova Gregory A. Poland Richard B. Kennedy |
| author_facet | Stephen N. Crooke Inna G. Ovsyannikova Gregory A. Poland Richard B. Kennedy |
| author_sort | Stephen N. Crooke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The age-related dysregulation and decline of the immune system—collectively termed “immunosenescence”—has been generally associated with an increased susceptibility to infectious pathogens and poor vaccine responses in older adults. While numerous studies have reported on the clinical outcomes of infected or vaccinated individuals, our understanding of the mechanisms governing the onset of immunosenescence and its effects on adaptive immunity remains incomplete. Age-dependent differences in T and B lymphocyte populations and functions have been well-defined, yet studies that demonstrate direct associations between immune cell function and clinical outcomes in older individuals are lacking. Despite these knowledge gaps, research has progressed in the development of vaccine and adjuvant formulations tailored for older adults in order to boost protective immunity and overcome immunosenescence. In this review, we will discuss the development of vaccines for older adults in light of our current understanding—or lack thereof—of the aging immune system. We highlight the functional changes that are known to occur in the adaptive immune system with age, followed by a discussion of current, clinically relevant pathogens that disproportionately affect older adults and are the central focus of vaccine research efforts for the aging population. We conclude with an outlook on personalized vaccine development for older adults and areas in need of further study in order to improve our fundamental understanding of adaptive immunosenescence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T01:57:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0b4aa4cd87e4e46bf22b16632d68018 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-4933 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T01:57:20Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Immunity & Ageing |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0b4aa4cd87e4e46bf22b16632d680182022-12-21T19:57:27ZengBMCImmunity & Ageing1742-49332019-09-0116111610.1186/s12979-019-0164-9Immunosenescence and human vaccine immune responsesStephen N. Crooke0Inna G. Ovsyannikova1Gregory A. Poland2Richard B. Kennedy3Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo ClinicMayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo ClinicMayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo ClinicMayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo ClinicAbstract The age-related dysregulation and decline of the immune system—collectively termed “immunosenescence”—has been generally associated with an increased susceptibility to infectious pathogens and poor vaccine responses in older adults. While numerous studies have reported on the clinical outcomes of infected or vaccinated individuals, our understanding of the mechanisms governing the onset of immunosenescence and its effects on adaptive immunity remains incomplete. Age-dependent differences in T and B lymphocyte populations and functions have been well-defined, yet studies that demonstrate direct associations between immune cell function and clinical outcomes in older individuals are lacking. Despite these knowledge gaps, research has progressed in the development of vaccine and adjuvant formulations tailored for older adults in order to boost protective immunity and overcome immunosenescence. In this review, we will discuss the development of vaccines for older adults in light of our current understanding—or lack thereof—of the aging immune system. We highlight the functional changes that are known to occur in the adaptive immune system with age, followed by a discussion of current, clinically relevant pathogens that disproportionately affect older adults and are the central focus of vaccine research efforts for the aging population. We conclude with an outlook on personalized vaccine development for older adults and areas in need of further study in order to improve our fundamental understanding of adaptive immunosenescence.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12979-019-0164-9ImmunosenescenceVaccinationAgingImmune responseT cellB cell |
| spellingShingle | Stephen N. Crooke Inna G. Ovsyannikova Gregory A. Poland Richard B. Kennedy Immunosenescence and human vaccine immune responses Immunity & Ageing Immunosenescence Vaccination Aging Immune response T cell B cell |
| title | Immunosenescence and human vaccine immune responses |
| title_full | Immunosenescence and human vaccine immune responses |
| title_fullStr | Immunosenescence and human vaccine immune responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunosenescence and human vaccine immune responses |
| title_short | Immunosenescence and human vaccine immune responses |
| title_sort | immunosenescence and human vaccine immune responses |
| topic | Immunosenescence Vaccination Aging Immune response T cell B cell |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12979-019-0164-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stephenncrooke immunosenescenceandhumanvaccineimmuneresponses AT innagovsyannikova immunosenescenceandhumanvaccineimmuneresponses AT gregoryapoland immunosenescenceandhumanvaccineimmuneresponses AT richardbkennedy immunosenescenceandhumanvaccineimmuneresponses |