Asymptomatic Cryptosporidiosis in Children Living with HIV
Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of opportunistic <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection. <i>Cryptosporidium</i> usually causes chronic diarrhea that may lead to impaired growth and cognitive function in children. This study aimed to es...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/11/352 |
| _version_ | 1827645393884676096 |
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| author | Ajib Diptyanusa Ika Puspa Sari Agnes Kurniawan |
| author_facet | Ajib Diptyanusa Ika Puspa Sari Agnes Kurniawan |
| author_sort | Ajib Diptyanusa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of opportunistic <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection. <i>Cryptosporidium</i> usually causes chronic diarrhea that may lead to impaired growth and cognitive function in children. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in children, describe its clinical characteristics, and the risk factors. A cross-sectional study involving children aged 6 months to 18 years old with confirmed HIV infection was carried out in Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis was made by PCR of 18S rRNA after being screened by microscopic examination. The clinical characteristics and risk factors were obtained from medical records and structured questionnaires. A total of 52 participants were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was 42.3%. Approximately 68% of the HIV children with cryptosporidiosis were asymptomatic, while those who reported symptoms showed weight loss and diarrhea. Independent risk factors of cryptosporidiosis were diarrhea (AOR 6.5; 95% CI 1.16–36.67), well water as drinking water source (AOR 6.7; 95% CI 1.83–24.93), and drink untreated water (AOR 5.8; 95% CI 1.04–32.64). A high prevalence of asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis was observed among children with HIV infection and PCR screening of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in high-risk children is advisable. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:35:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0b736aa73c84eb7a5eab47c55633b81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:35:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0b736aa73c84eb7a5eab47c55633b812023-11-24T07:11:33ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662022-11-0171135210.3390/tropicalmed7110352Asymptomatic Cryptosporidiosis in Children Living with HIVAjib Diptyanusa0Ika Puspa Sari1Agnes Kurniawan2Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaChildren living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of opportunistic <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection. <i>Cryptosporidium</i> usually causes chronic diarrhea that may lead to impaired growth and cognitive function in children. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in children, describe its clinical characteristics, and the risk factors. A cross-sectional study involving children aged 6 months to 18 years old with confirmed HIV infection was carried out in Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis was made by PCR of 18S rRNA after being screened by microscopic examination. The clinical characteristics and risk factors were obtained from medical records and structured questionnaires. A total of 52 participants were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was 42.3%. Approximately 68% of the HIV children with cryptosporidiosis were asymptomatic, while those who reported symptoms showed weight loss and diarrhea. Independent risk factors of cryptosporidiosis were diarrhea (AOR 6.5; 95% CI 1.16–36.67), well water as drinking water source (AOR 6.7; 95% CI 1.83–24.93), and drink untreated water (AOR 5.8; 95% CI 1.04–32.64). A high prevalence of asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis was observed among children with HIV infection and PCR screening of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in high-risk children is advisable.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/11/352childrenopportunistic infectionHIVdrinking water |
| spellingShingle | Ajib Diptyanusa Ika Puspa Sari Agnes Kurniawan Asymptomatic Cryptosporidiosis in Children Living with HIV Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease children opportunistic infection HIV drinking water |
| title | Asymptomatic Cryptosporidiosis in Children Living with HIV |
| title_full | Asymptomatic Cryptosporidiosis in Children Living with HIV |
| title_fullStr | Asymptomatic Cryptosporidiosis in Children Living with HIV |
| title_full_unstemmed | Asymptomatic Cryptosporidiosis in Children Living with HIV |
| title_short | Asymptomatic Cryptosporidiosis in Children Living with HIV |
| title_sort | asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis in children living with hiv |
| topic | children opportunistic infection HIV drinking water |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/11/352 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ajibdiptyanusa asymptomaticcryptosporidiosisinchildrenlivingwithhiv AT ikapuspasari asymptomaticcryptosporidiosisinchildrenlivingwithhiv AT agneskurniawan asymptomaticcryptosporidiosisinchildrenlivingwithhiv |