Catalog of Geomagnetic Storms with Dst Index ≤ −50 nT and Their Solar and Interplanetary Origin (1996–2019)
We present a comprehensive catalog of geomagnetic storms (GSs) with a Dst index <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>≤</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>50</mn></mrow&...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/12/1744 |
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| author | Rositsa Miteva Susan W. Samwel |
| author_facet | Rositsa Miteva Susan W. Samwel |
| author_sort | Rositsa Miteva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present a comprehensive catalog of geomagnetic storms (GSs) with a Dst index <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>≤</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>50</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> nT detected during solar cycles (SCs) 23 and 24 (1996–2019). About 550 events were identified in the Kyoto database and used as a starting point for this study. The solar origin of the GSs, in terms of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), solar flares (SFs), and in situ-observed energetic particles, was identified where possible using temporal constraints and wide Earth-directed ejecta. In addition, any accompanied interplanetary (IP) sources, such as ICMEs and IP shock waves detected at 1 AU, are also considered. The resulting occurrence rates and correlation plots are presented and discussed in the space weather framework. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:01:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0bafbe4835c45ccbfc78f747dc9b74c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:01:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0bafbe4835c45ccbfc78f747dc9b74c2023-12-22T13:52:44ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-11-011412174410.3390/atmos14121744Catalog of Geomagnetic Storms with Dst Index ≤ −50 nT and Their Solar and Interplanetary Origin (1996–2019)Rositsa Miteva0Susan W. Samwel1Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory (IANAO)—Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, BulgariaNational Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, Cairo 11421, EgyptWe present a comprehensive catalog of geomagnetic storms (GSs) with a Dst index <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>≤</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>50</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> nT detected during solar cycles (SCs) 23 and 24 (1996–2019). About 550 events were identified in the Kyoto database and used as a starting point for this study. The solar origin of the GSs, in terms of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), solar flares (SFs), and in situ-observed energetic particles, was identified where possible using temporal constraints and wide Earth-directed ejecta. In addition, any accompanied interplanetary (IP) sources, such as ICMEs and IP shock waves detected at 1 AU, are also considered. The resulting occurrence rates and correlation plots are presented and discussed in the space weather framework.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/12/1744geomagnetic storms(interplanetary) coronal mass ejectionsinterplanetary shock wavessolar flaresenergetic particlesspace weather |
| spellingShingle | Rositsa Miteva Susan W. Samwel Catalog of Geomagnetic Storms with Dst Index ≤ −50 nT and Their Solar and Interplanetary Origin (1996–2019) Atmosphere geomagnetic storms (interplanetary) coronal mass ejections interplanetary shock waves solar flares energetic particles space weather |
| title | Catalog of Geomagnetic Storms with Dst Index ≤ −50 nT and Their Solar and Interplanetary Origin (1996–2019) |
| title_full | Catalog of Geomagnetic Storms with Dst Index ≤ −50 nT and Their Solar and Interplanetary Origin (1996–2019) |
| title_fullStr | Catalog of Geomagnetic Storms with Dst Index ≤ −50 nT and Their Solar and Interplanetary Origin (1996–2019) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catalog of Geomagnetic Storms with Dst Index ≤ −50 nT and Their Solar and Interplanetary Origin (1996–2019) |
| title_short | Catalog of Geomagnetic Storms with Dst Index ≤ −50 nT and Their Solar and Interplanetary Origin (1996–2019) |
| title_sort | catalog of geomagnetic storms with dst index ≤ 50 nt and their solar and interplanetary origin 1996 2019 |
| topic | geomagnetic storms (interplanetary) coronal mass ejections interplanetary shock waves solar flares energetic particles space weather |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/12/1744 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rositsamiteva catalogofgeomagneticstormswithdstindex50ntandtheirsolarandinterplanetaryorigin19962019 AT susanwsamwel catalogofgeomagneticstormswithdstindex50ntandtheirsolarandinterplanetaryorigin19962019 |