Simultaneous Extraction and Emulsification of Food Waste Liquefaction Bio-Oil
Biomass-derived bio-oil is a sustainable and renewable energy resource, and liquefaction is a potential conversion way to produce bio-oil. Emulsification is a physical upgrading technology, which blends immiscible liquids into a homogeneous emulsion through the addition of an emulsifier. Liquefactio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/11/3031 |
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| author | David Längauer Yu-Ying Lin Wei-Hsin Chen Chao-Wen Wang Michal Šafář Vladimír Čablík |
| author_facet | David Längauer Yu-Ying Lin Wei-Hsin Chen Chao-Wen Wang Michal Šafář Vladimír Čablík |
| author_sort | David Längauer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biomass-derived bio-oil is a sustainable and renewable energy resource, and liquefaction is a potential conversion way to produce bio-oil. Emulsification is a physical upgrading technology, which blends immiscible liquids into a homogeneous emulsion through the addition of an emulsifier. Liquefaction bio-oil from food waste is characterized by its high pour point when compared to diesel fuel. In order to partially replace diesel fuel by liquefaction bio-oil, this study aimed to develop a method to simultaneously extract and emulsify the bio-oil using a commercial surfactant (Atlox 4914, CRODA, Snaith, UK). The solubility and stability of the emulsions at various operating conditions such as the bio-oil-to-emulsifier ratio (B/E ratio), storage temperature and duration, and co-surfactant (methanol) addition were analyzed. The results demonstrate that higher amounts of bio-oil (7 g) and emulsifier (7 g) at a B/E ratio = 1 in an emulsion have a higher solubility (66.48 wt %). When the B/E ratio was decreased from 1 to 0.556, the bio-oil solubility was enhanced by 45.79%, even though the storage duration was up to 7 days. Compared to the emulsion stored at room temperature (25 °C), its storage at 100 °C presented a higher solubility, especially at higher B/E ratios. Moreover, when methanol was added as a co-surfactant during emulsification at higher B/E ratios (0.714 to 1), it rendered better solubility (58.83⁻70.96 wt %). Overall, the emulsified oil showed greater stability after the extraction-emulsification process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:33:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0e14db7d17c4e56aa7238fe13694c79 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:33:32Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0e14db7d17c4e56aa7238fe13694c792022-12-22T04:01:50ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-11-011111303110.3390/en11113031en11113031Simultaneous Extraction and Emulsification of Food Waste Liquefaction Bio-OilDavid Längauer0Yu-Ying Lin1Wei-Hsin Chen2Chao-Wen Wang3Michal Šafář4Vladimír Čablík5Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech RepublicDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, TaiwanDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, TaiwanDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, TaiwanInstitute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech RepublicInstitute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech RepublicBiomass-derived bio-oil is a sustainable and renewable energy resource, and liquefaction is a potential conversion way to produce bio-oil. Emulsification is a physical upgrading technology, which blends immiscible liquids into a homogeneous emulsion through the addition of an emulsifier. Liquefaction bio-oil from food waste is characterized by its high pour point when compared to diesel fuel. In order to partially replace diesel fuel by liquefaction bio-oil, this study aimed to develop a method to simultaneously extract and emulsify the bio-oil using a commercial surfactant (Atlox 4914, CRODA, Snaith, UK). The solubility and stability of the emulsions at various operating conditions such as the bio-oil-to-emulsifier ratio (B/E ratio), storage temperature and duration, and co-surfactant (methanol) addition were analyzed. The results demonstrate that higher amounts of bio-oil (7 g) and emulsifier (7 g) at a B/E ratio = 1 in an emulsion have a higher solubility (66.48 wt %). When the B/E ratio was decreased from 1 to 0.556, the bio-oil solubility was enhanced by 45.79%, even though the storage duration was up to 7 days. Compared to the emulsion stored at room temperature (25 °C), its storage at 100 °C presented a higher solubility, especially at higher B/E ratios. Moreover, when methanol was added as a co-surfactant during emulsification at higher B/E ratios (0.714 to 1), it rendered better solubility (58.83⁻70.96 wt %). Overall, the emulsified oil showed greater stability after the extraction-emulsification process.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/11/3031emulsificationliquefactionbio-oilsco-surfactantsurfactantdiesel |
| spellingShingle | David Längauer Yu-Ying Lin Wei-Hsin Chen Chao-Wen Wang Michal Šafář Vladimír Čablík Simultaneous Extraction and Emulsification of Food Waste Liquefaction Bio-Oil Energies emulsification liquefaction bio-oils co-surfactant surfactant diesel |
| title | Simultaneous Extraction and Emulsification of Food Waste Liquefaction Bio-Oil |
| title_full | Simultaneous Extraction and Emulsification of Food Waste Liquefaction Bio-Oil |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous Extraction and Emulsification of Food Waste Liquefaction Bio-Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous Extraction and Emulsification of Food Waste Liquefaction Bio-Oil |
| title_short | Simultaneous Extraction and Emulsification of Food Waste Liquefaction Bio-Oil |
| title_sort | simultaneous extraction and emulsification of food waste liquefaction bio oil |
| topic | emulsification liquefaction bio-oils co-surfactant surfactant diesel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/11/3031 |
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