Effects of Supplemental Drugs on Hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-Induced PpIX Fluorescence in Bladder Cancer Cell Suspensions
Seven different inhibitors of the heme metabolic pathway were applied in combination with HAL to study the formation of PpIX in bladder cancer HT1197 and normal fibroblast HFFF2 cells ex vivo, specifically with the aim to increase the fluorescence contrast between cancer and non-cancer cells. The mR...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/14/7631 |
| _version_ | 1797406139524055040 |
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| author | Kit Man Chan Krasimir Vasilev Melanie MacGregor |
| author_facet | Kit Man Chan Krasimir Vasilev Melanie MacGregor |
| author_sort | Kit Man Chan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Seven different inhibitors of the heme metabolic pathway were applied in combination with HAL to study the formation of PpIX in bladder cancer HT1197 and normal fibroblast HFFF2 cells ex vivo, specifically with the aim to increase the fluorescence contrast between cancer and non-cancer cells. The mRNA expression of enzymes involved in the heme biosynthesis pathway were measured via PCR following incubation with the drugs in order to link the fluorescence levels and metabolic activity. The exogenous administration of HAL does lead to cancer-specific PpIX accumulation. However, the contrast between cancer and normal cells in suspension was not enhanced by the enzyme inhibitors and iron-chelating agents tested, nor did the mRNA expression necessarily correlate with the fluorescence intensity. The results indicate that a difference in the metabolic activity of cells in suspension may limit the applicability of exogenous enzyme inhibitor administration as a mean to improve the fluorescence-based detection of cancer cells shed in body fluids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:22:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0e1cf6d092f4688974f59536e62624c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:22:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0e1cf6d092f4688974f59536e62624c2023-12-03T15:09:17ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-07-012314763110.3390/ijms23147631Effects of Supplemental Drugs on Hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-Induced PpIX Fluorescence in Bladder Cancer Cell SuspensionsKit Man Chan0Krasimir Vasilev1Melanie MacGregor2UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, AustraliaCollege of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, AustraliaFlinders Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, AustraliaSeven different inhibitors of the heme metabolic pathway were applied in combination with HAL to study the formation of PpIX in bladder cancer HT1197 and normal fibroblast HFFF2 cells ex vivo, specifically with the aim to increase the fluorescence contrast between cancer and non-cancer cells. The mRNA expression of enzymes involved in the heme biosynthesis pathway were measured via PCR following incubation with the drugs in order to link the fluorescence levels and metabolic activity. The exogenous administration of HAL does lead to cancer-specific PpIX accumulation. However, the contrast between cancer and normal cells in suspension was not enhanced by the enzyme inhibitors and iron-chelating agents tested, nor did the mRNA expression necessarily correlate with the fluorescence intensity. The results indicate that a difference in the metabolic activity of cells in suspension may limit the applicability of exogenous enzyme inhibitor administration as a mean to improve the fluorescence-based detection of cancer cells shed in body fluids.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/14/7631hexaminolevulinateprotoporphyrin IXbladder cancerfluorescencePPOXFECH |
| spellingShingle | Kit Man Chan Krasimir Vasilev Melanie MacGregor Effects of Supplemental Drugs on Hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-Induced PpIX Fluorescence in Bladder Cancer Cell Suspensions International Journal of Molecular Sciences hexaminolevulinate protoporphyrin IX bladder cancer fluorescence PPOX FECH |
| title | Effects of Supplemental Drugs on Hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-Induced PpIX Fluorescence in Bladder Cancer Cell Suspensions |
| title_full | Effects of Supplemental Drugs on Hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-Induced PpIX Fluorescence in Bladder Cancer Cell Suspensions |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Supplemental Drugs on Hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-Induced PpIX Fluorescence in Bladder Cancer Cell Suspensions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Supplemental Drugs on Hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-Induced PpIX Fluorescence in Bladder Cancer Cell Suspensions |
| title_short | Effects of Supplemental Drugs on Hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-Induced PpIX Fluorescence in Bladder Cancer Cell Suspensions |
| title_sort | effects of supplemental drugs on hexaminolevulinate hal induced ppix fluorescence in bladder cancer cell suspensions |
| topic | hexaminolevulinate protoporphyrin IX bladder cancer fluorescence PPOX FECH |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/14/7631 |
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