Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cyberbullying through social exclusion and verbal harassment on emotional, stress, and coping responses. Twenty-nine undergraduate students (16 females aged 18.25 ± 0.58 years and 13 males aged 18.46 ± 1.13 years) volunteered for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/9/1536 |
| _version_ | 1797553482513776640 |
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| author | Ashraf Alhujailli Waldemar Karwowski Thomas T.H. Wan Peter Hancock |
| author_facet | Ashraf Alhujailli Waldemar Karwowski Thomas T.H. Wan Peter Hancock |
| author_sort | Ashraf Alhujailli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cyberbullying through social exclusion and verbal harassment on emotional, stress, and coping responses. Twenty-nine undergraduate students (16 females aged 18.25 ± 0.58 years and 13 males aged 18.46 ± 1.13 years) volunteered for the study. All volunteers participated in two experiments that stimulated cyberbullying through social exclusion or verbal harassment. In the first experiment, the effects of cyberbullying through social exclusion were investigated using a virtual ball-tossing game known as Cyberball. In the second experiment, the influence of cyberbullying through verbal harassment was tested using a hypothetical scenario together with reading of online comments. Emotional, stress, and coping responses were measured via the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire, and the Coping Inventory for Task Stress, respectively. The results demonstrated that social exclusion and verbal harassment induced a negative emotional state. We also found that verbal harassment through the use of impolite language increased engagement, and increased worry compared with social exclusion effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:16:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0e66fb0871f4c90b6c31bf76f992af5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:16:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0e66fb0871f4c90b6c31bf76f992af52023-11-20T14:03:50ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942020-09-01129153610.3390/sym12091536Affective and Stress Consequences of CyberbullyingAshraf Alhujailli0Waldemar Karwowski1Thomas T.H. Wan2Peter Hancock3Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USADepartment of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USADepartment of Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USADepartment of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USAThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cyberbullying through social exclusion and verbal harassment on emotional, stress, and coping responses. Twenty-nine undergraduate students (16 females aged 18.25 ± 0.58 years and 13 males aged 18.46 ± 1.13 years) volunteered for the study. All volunteers participated in two experiments that stimulated cyberbullying through social exclusion or verbal harassment. In the first experiment, the effects of cyberbullying through social exclusion were investigated using a virtual ball-tossing game known as Cyberball. In the second experiment, the influence of cyberbullying through verbal harassment was tested using a hypothetical scenario together with reading of online comments. Emotional, stress, and coping responses were measured via the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire, and the Coping Inventory for Task Stress, respectively. The results demonstrated that social exclusion and verbal harassment induced a negative emotional state. We also found that verbal harassment through the use of impolite language increased engagement, and increased worry compared with social exclusion effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/9/1536cyberbullyingemotionsbullyingsocial ostracismstresssocial exclusions |
| spellingShingle | Ashraf Alhujailli Waldemar Karwowski Thomas T.H. Wan Peter Hancock Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying Symmetry cyberbullying emotions bullying social ostracism stress social exclusions |
| title | Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying |
| title_full | Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying |
| title_fullStr | Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying |
| title_full_unstemmed | Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying |
| title_short | Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying |
| title_sort | affective and stress consequences of cyberbullying |
| topic | cyberbullying emotions bullying social ostracism stress social exclusions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/9/1536 |
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