The Role of Empirical Formulae in the Design of Complex Systems
We discuss the general concepts underlying the design strategies of complex devices like Tokamaks and Free Electron Lasers (FEL). Regarding the FEL, starting from the desired output performances, the key parameters are embedded to get a set of semi-analytical/empirical equations yielding straightfor...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Symmetry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/2/515 |
| _version_ | 1797618097913331712 |
|---|---|
| author | Alessandro Curcio Giuseppe Dattoli Emanuele Di Palma |
| author_facet | Alessandro Curcio Giuseppe Dattoli Emanuele Di Palma |
| author_sort | Alessandro Curcio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We discuss the general concepts underlying the design strategies of complex devices like Tokamaks and Free Electron Lasers (FEL). Regarding the FEL, starting from the desired output performances, the key parameters are embedded to get a set of semi-analytical/empirical equations yielding straightforward and reliable estimates of gain and power. In a similar way, the guiding elements of a fusion reactor, to reach the prescribed fusion gain Q and power, are defined in terms of scaling relations involving pivotal quantities like radius and magnetic field. General formulae characterizing a physical system may be the consequence of an unknown symmetry. The onset of specific instabilities represent the breaking of a symmetry characterizing given equilibrium conditions. In this article, we comment on the analogy between two different physical devices, and even though we do not specify any underlying symmetry, we aim to stimulate further research in this direction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:05:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0e78b5b23d143d190fe6370fba32851 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:05:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0e78b5b23d143d190fe6370fba328512023-11-16T23:34:21ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942023-02-0115251510.3390/sym15020515The Role of Empirical Formulae in the Design of Complex SystemsAlessandro Curcio0Giuseppe Dattoli1Emanuele Di Palma2Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Edificio M5, Parque Científico, C/Adaja, 8, 37185 Villamayor, SpainENEA Frascati Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Rome, ItalyENEA Frascati Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Rome, ItalyWe discuss the general concepts underlying the design strategies of complex devices like Tokamaks and Free Electron Lasers (FEL). Regarding the FEL, starting from the desired output performances, the key parameters are embedded to get a set of semi-analytical/empirical equations yielding straightforward and reliable estimates of gain and power. In a similar way, the guiding elements of a fusion reactor, to reach the prescribed fusion gain Q and power, are defined in terms of scaling relations involving pivotal quantities like radius and magnetic field. General formulae characterizing a physical system may be the consequence of an unknown symmetry. The onset of specific instabilities represent the breaking of a symmetry characterizing given equilibrium conditions. In this article, we comment on the analogy between two different physical devices, and even though we do not specify any underlying symmetry, we aim to stimulate further research in this direction.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/2/515empirical formulaecomplex systemsinstabilities |
| spellingShingle | Alessandro Curcio Giuseppe Dattoli Emanuele Di Palma The Role of Empirical Formulae in the Design of Complex Systems Symmetry empirical formulae complex systems instabilities |
| title | The Role of Empirical Formulae in the Design of Complex Systems |
| title_full | The Role of Empirical Formulae in the Design of Complex Systems |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Empirical Formulae in the Design of Complex Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Empirical Formulae in the Design of Complex Systems |
| title_short | The Role of Empirical Formulae in the Design of Complex Systems |
| title_sort | role of empirical formulae in the design of complex systems |
| topic | empirical formulae complex systems instabilities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/2/515 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alessandrocurcio theroleofempiricalformulaeinthedesignofcomplexsystems AT giuseppedattoli theroleofempiricalformulaeinthedesignofcomplexsystems AT emanueledipalma theroleofempiricalformulaeinthedesignofcomplexsystems AT alessandrocurcio roleofempiricalformulaeinthedesignofcomplexsystems AT giuseppedattoli roleofempiricalformulaeinthedesignofcomplexsystems AT emanueledipalma roleofempiricalformulaeinthedesignofcomplexsystems |