Ice Phenology and Thickness Modelling for Lake Ice Climatology
Analytic methods are useful for lake ice climatology investigations that account for ice phenology, thickness, and extent. Ice climatology depends on the local climate and lake characteristics, which can be compressed into a few forcing factors for analytic modelling. The internal factors are lake d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/16/2951 |
| _version_ | 1797583040221806592 |
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| author | Matti Leppäranta |
| author_facet | Matti Leppäranta |
| author_sort | Matti Leppäranta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Analytic methods are useful for lake ice climatology investigations that account for ice phenology, thickness, and extent. Ice climatology depends on the local climate and lake characteristics, which can be compressed into a few forcing factors for analytic modelling. The internal factors are lake depth, size, and water quality, while the external factors are solar radiation, air–lake interaction, and heat flux from bottom sediment. A two-layer temperature structure with a sharp thermocline in-between is employed for the water body and a non-inert conduction law for the ice cover. A thermal equilibrium approach results in temperature and ice thickness solutions, and a time scale analysis provides the applicability of the equilibrium method for lake ice climatology. A non-steady solution is needed for ice melting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:30:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f0e904dd166444f5a02cd675554f1e47 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:30:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0e904dd166444f5a02cd675554f1e472023-11-19T03:23:07ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-08-011516295110.3390/w15162951Ice Phenology and Thickness Modelling for Lake Ice ClimatologyMatti Leppäranta0Institute of Atmospheric and Earth Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandAnalytic methods are useful for lake ice climatology investigations that account for ice phenology, thickness, and extent. Ice climatology depends on the local climate and lake characteristics, which can be compressed into a few forcing factors for analytic modelling. The internal factors are lake depth, size, and water quality, while the external factors are solar radiation, air–lake interaction, and heat flux from bottom sediment. A two-layer temperature structure with a sharp thermocline in-between is employed for the water body and a non-inert conduction law for the ice cover. A thermal equilibrium approach results in temperature and ice thickness solutions, and a time scale analysis provides the applicability of the equilibrium method for lake ice climatology. A non-steady solution is needed for ice melting.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/16/2951lake iceclimatologyphenologymodellingequilibrium |
| spellingShingle | Matti Leppäranta Ice Phenology and Thickness Modelling for Lake Ice Climatology Water lake ice climatology phenology modelling equilibrium |
| title | Ice Phenology and Thickness Modelling for Lake Ice Climatology |
| title_full | Ice Phenology and Thickness Modelling for Lake Ice Climatology |
| title_fullStr | Ice Phenology and Thickness Modelling for Lake Ice Climatology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ice Phenology and Thickness Modelling for Lake Ice Climatology |
| title_short | Ice Phenology and Thickness Modelling for Lake Ice Climatology |
| title_sort | ice phenology and thickness modelling for lake ice climatology |
| topic | lake ice climatology phenology modelling equilibrium |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/16/2951 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mattilepparanta icephenologyandthicknessmodellingforlakeiceclimatology |