Bioactive Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Fruits Methanolic Extracts of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> L.
<i>Zizyphus spina-christi</i> L. has antimicrobial properties because of the presence of biologically active compounds. <i>Alternaria</i> is an opportunistic pathogen that causes leaf spots, rots, and blights on a variety of plant parts. This study aimed to reduce the usage o...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/6/746 |
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| author | Amany A. El-Shahir Deiaa A. El-Wakil Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Nora H. Youssef |
| author_facet | Amany A. El-Shahir Deiaa A. El-Wakil Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Nora H. Youssef |
| author_sort | Amany A. El-Shahir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Zizyphus spina-christi</i> L. has antimicrobial properties because of the presence of biologically active compounds. <i>Alternaria</i> is an opportunistic pathogen that causes leaf spots, rots, and blights on a variety of plant parts. This study aimed to reduce the usage of synthetically derived fungicides. Identification of the bioactive components present in leaves and fruits methanolic extracts of <i>Z. spina-christi</i> was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The efficacy of the two methanol extracts was tested against (a) in vitro fungal growth and (b) pathogenicity control on non-wounded and wounded tomato fruits. The results revealed that gallic acid and ellagic acid were the major components in leaves extract while quercetin was the major component in fruits extract. In addition, Phenol, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) (40.24%) and Decane, 2-methyl-(18.53%) were the most abundant components in the leaf extract, and the presence of D-mannonic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrakis-o-(trimethylsilyl), and γ-lactone (22.72%) were major components in fruits extract. The methanolic extracts of <i>Z. spina-christi</i> leaves and fruits demonstrated significant antifungal activity against the growth of <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>A. citri</i>, and <i>A. radicina</i> with variable inhibition percentages at different concentrations. Pathogenicity was increased when the skin was injured, as expected. Both extracts reduced the percentage of infected fruits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:56:25Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:56:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-f0fe6be767fa468c8be893ccb7b236232023-11-30T22:00:30ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-03-0111674610.3390/plants11060746Bioactive Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Fruits Methanolic Extracts of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> L.Amany A. El-Shahir0Deiaa A. El-Wakil1Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef2Nora H. Youssef3Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptBiology Department, Facutly of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt<i>Zizyphus spina-christi</i> L. has antimicrobial properties because of the presence of biologically active compounds. <i>Alternaria</i> is an opportunistic pathogen that causes leaf spots, rots, and blights on a variety of plant parts. This study aimed to reduce the usage of synthetically derived fungicides. Identification of the bioactive components present in leaves and fruits methanolic extracts of <i>Z. spina-christi</i> was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The efficacy of the two methanol extracts was tested against (a) in vitro fungal growth and (b) pathogenicity control on non-wounded and wounded tomato fruits. The results revealed that gallic acid and ellagic acid were the major components in leaves extract while quercetin was the major component in fruits extract. In addition, Phenol, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) (40.24%) and Decane, 2-methyl-(18.53%) were the most abundant components in the leaf extract, and the presence of D-mannonic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrakis-o-(trimethylsilyl), and γ-lactone (22.72%) were major components in fruits extract. The methanolic extracts of <i>Z. spina-christi</i> leaves and fruits demonstrated significant antifungal activity against the growth of <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>A. citri</i>, and <i>A. radicina</i> with variable inhibition percentages at different concentrations. Pathogenicity was increased when the skin was injured, as expected. Both extracts reduced the percentage of infected fruits.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/6/746<i>Ziziphus</i><i>Alternaria</i>tomato fruitsantifungal activitymethanolic extracts |
| spellingShingle | Amany A. El-Shahir Deiaa A. El-Wakil Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Nora H. Youssef Bioactive Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Fruits Methanolic Extracts of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> L. Plants <i>Ziziphus</i> <i>Alternaria</i> tomato fruits antifungal activity methanolic extracts |
| title | Bioactive Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Fruits Methanolic Extracts of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> L. |
| title_full | Bioactive Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Fruits Methanolic Extracts of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> L. |
| title_fullStr | Bioactive Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Fruits Methanolic Extracts of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioactive Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Fruits Methanolic Extracts of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> L. |
| title_short | Bioactive Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Fruits Methanolic Extracts of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> L. |
| title_sort | bioactive compounds and antifungal activity of leaves and fruits methanolic extracts of i ziziphus spina christi i l |
| topic | <i>Ziziphus</i> <i>Alternaria</i> tomato fruits antifungal activity methanolic extracts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/6/746 |
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