A green analytical approach based on smartphone digital image colorimetry for aspirin and salicylic acid analysis
Aspirin (ASA) is a globally used anti-inflammatory drug and salicylic acid (SA) is the biological metabolite of ASA. As an analytical chemist, it's always a challenge to accurately and precisely determine a drug along with its metabolites with a single method. Hence, we aim to develop a simple...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Green Analytical Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577422000325 |
| _version_ | 1827374908128100352 |
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| author | Bharti Jain Rajeev Jain Rakesh Roshan Jha Atul Bajaj Shweta Sharma |
| author_facet | Bharti Jain Rajeev Jain Rakesh Roshan Jha Atul Bajaj Shweta Sharma |
| author_sort | Bharti Jain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aspirin (ASA) is a globally used anti-inflammatory drug and salicylic acid (SA) is the biological metabolite of ASA. As an analytical chemist, it's always a challenge to accurately and precisely determine a drug along with its metabolites with a single method. Hence, we aim to develop a simple and low-cost assay based on combination of vortex assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VADLLME) with smartphone based digital image colorimetry (DIC) as a promising platform for simple low-cost analysis of ASA and SA. The method comprises of three simple steps viz. (i) extraction and pre-concentration of ASA/SA by VADLLME, (ii) reaction of ASA/SA with Trinder reagent on a filter paper strip to produce blue colour, and (iii) DIC of developed colour with imageJ software. Design of experiment approach comprising of Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for optimization of parameters affecting the efficiency of the proposed method. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 8.88 and 29.0 µg mL−1, respectively. Calibration plot demonstrated good linearity in the range of 50–400 µg mL−1, with coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 0.993 and standard deviation less than 10%. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the estimation of ASA/SA in pharmaceutical formulations (tablets), cosmetic product and human urine samples, with percent recoveries (%R) ranging from 92.14–99.6%. In addition, the green character of the proposed method from sample collection to final determination has been evaluated by using ComplexGAPI index. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:41:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f1040acfb799432391b72b42ef1681c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-5774 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:41:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Green Analytical Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-f1040acfb799432391b72b42ef1681c32024-01-25T05:24:13ZengElsevierGreen Analytical Chemistry2772-57742022-12-013100033A green analytical approach based on smartphone digital image colorimetry for aspirin and salicylic acid analysisBharti Jain0Rajeev Jain1Rakesh Roshan Jha2Atul Bajaj3Shweta Sharma4Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaForensic Toxicology Division, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Dakshin Marg, Sector – 36A, Chandigarh 160036 India; Corresponding authors.Centre of Analytical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKExplosives Division, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Dakshin Marg, Sector – 36A, Chandigarh 160036 IndiaInstitute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Corresponding authors.Aspirin (ASA) is a globally used anti-inflammatory drug and salicylic acid (SA) is the biological metabolite of ASA. As an analytical chemist, it's always a challenge to accurately and precisely determine a drug along with its metabolites with a single method. Hence, we aim to develop a simple and low-cost assay based on combination of vortex assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VADLLME) with smartphone based digital image colorimetry (DIC) as a promising platform for simple low-cost analysis of ASA and SA. The method comprises of three simple steps viz. (i) extraction and pre-concentration of ASA/SA by VADLLME, (ii) reaction of ASA/SA with Trinder reagent on a filter paper strip to produce blue colour, and (iii) DIC of developed colour with imageJ software. Design of experiment approach comprising of Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for optimization of parameters affecting the efficiency of the proposed method. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 8.88 and 29.0 µg mL−1, respectively. Calibration plot demonstrated good linearity in the range of 50–400 µg mL−1, with coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 0.993 and standard deviation less than 10%. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the estimation of ASA/SA in pharmaceutical formulations (tablets), cosmetic product and human urine samples, with percent recoveries (%R) ranging from 92.14–99.6%. In addition, the green character of the proposed method from sample collection to final determination has been evaluated by using ComplexGAPI index.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577422000325Salicylic acidAspirinComplexGAPISmartphone digital image colorimetryDispersive liquid-liquid micro extractionImageJ |
| spellingShingle | Bharti Jain Rajeev Jain Rakesh Roshan Jha Atul Bajaj Shweta Sharma A green analytical approach based on smartphone digital image colorimetry for aspirin and salicylic acid analysis Green Analytical Chemistry Salicylic acid Aspirin ComplexGAPI Smartphone digital image colorimetry Dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction ImageJ |
| title | A green analytical approach based on smartphone digital image colorimetry for aspirin and salicylic acid analysis |
| title_full | A green analytical approach based on smartphone digital image colorimetry for aspirin and salicylic acid analysis |
| title_fullStr | A green analytical approach based on smartphone digital image colorimetry for aspirin and salicylic acid analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | A green analytical approach based on smartphone digital image colorimetry for aspirin and salicylic acid analysis |
| title_short | A green analytical approach based on smartphone digital image colorimetry for aspirin and salicylic acid analysis |
| title_sort | green analytical approach based on smartphone digital image colorimetry for aspirin and salicylic acid analysis |
| topic | Salicylic acid Aspirin ComplexGAPI Smartphone digital image colorimetry Dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction ImageJ |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577422000325 |
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