Automatic Generation Control with Virtual Synchronous Renewables
As synchronous generators (SGs) are gradually displaced by renewable energy sources (RESs), the frequency stability of power systems deteriorates because RESs, represented by utility-scale solar and wind power sources, do not provide the inertial response, primary frequency response, secondary frequ...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9712246/ |
| _version_ | 1797902258839486464 |
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| author | Weichao Zhang Wanxing Sheng Qing Duan Hanyan Huang Xiangwu Yan |
| author_facet | Weichao Zhang Wanxing Sheng Qing Duan Hanyan Huang Xiangwu Yan |
| author_sort | Weichao Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As synchronous generators (SGs) are gradually displaced by renewable energy sources (RESs), the frequency stability of power systems deteriorates because RESs, represented by utility-scale solar and wind power sources, do not provide the inertial response, primary frequency response, secondary frequency response, and tertiary frequency regulation. As a result, the remaining SGs may not be sufficient to maintain the power balance and frequency stability. The concept and control strategies of virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) enable the inverter-based wind and solar power sources to emulate the outer characteristics of traditional SGs and participate in the active power and frequency control of power systems. This paper focuses on the automatic generation control (AGC) with virtual synchronous renewables (VSRs). First, the VSR strategy that enables the RESs to participate in AGC is introduced. Second, based on the interval representation of uncertainty, the output of RES is transformed into two portions, i.e., the dispatchable portion and the stochastic portion. In the dispatchable portion, the RESs can participate in AGC jointly with SGs. Accordingly, a security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED) model is built considering the RESs operating in VSR mode. Third, the solution strategy that employs the slack variables to acquire deterministic constraints is introduced. Finally, the proposed SCED model is solved based on the 6-bus and 39-bus systems. The results show that, compared with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode, VSRs can participate in the active power and frequency control jointly with SGs, increase the maximum penetration level of RESs, and decrease the operating cost. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:14:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f108d5e77a77460baab20585268099fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2196-5420 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:14:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy |
| spelling | doaj.art-f108d5e77a77460baab20585268099fc2023-02-21T00:03:36ZengIEEEJournal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2196-54202023-01-0111126727910.35833/MPCE.2020.0009219712246Automatic Generation Control with Virtual Synchronous RenewablesWeichao Zhang0Wanxing Sheng1Qing Duan2Hanyan Huang3Xiangwu Yan4Beijing Key Laboratory of Distribution Transform, China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing,China,100192Beijing Key Laboratory of Distribution Transform, China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing,China,100192Beijing Key Laboratory of Distribution Transform, China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing,China,100192State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University,Beijing,ChinaSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University,Baoding,ChinaAs synchronous generators (SGs) are gradually displaced by renewable energy sources (RESs), the frequency stability of power systems deteriorates because RESs, represented by utility-scale solar and wind power sources, do not provide the inertial response, primary frequency response, secondary frequency response, and tertiary frequency regulation. As a result, the remaining SGs may not be sufficient to maintain the power balance and frequency stability. The concept and control strategies of virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) enable the inverter-based wind and solar power sources to emulate the outer characteristics of traditional SGs and participate in the active power and frequency control of power systems. This paper focuses on the automatic generation control (AGC) with virtual synchronous renewables (VSRs). First, the VSR strategy that enables the RESs to participate in AGC is introduced. Second, based on the interval representation of uncertainty, the output of RES is transformed into two portions, i.e., the dispatchable portion and the stochastic portion. In the dispatchable portion, the RESs can participate in AGC jointly with SGs. Accordingly, a security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED) model is built considering the RESs operating in VSR mode. Third, the solution strategy that employs the slack variables to acquire deterministic constraints is introduced. Finally, the proposed SCED model is solved based on the 6-bus and 39-bus systems. The results show that, compared with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode, VSRs can participate in the active power and frequency control jointly with SGs, increase the maximum penetration level of RESs, and decrease the operating cost.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9712246/Automatic generation control (AGC)economic dispatchrenewable energy source (RES)virtual synchronous generator (VSG) |
| spellingShingle | Weichao Zhang Wanxing Sheng Qing Duan Hanyan Huang Xiangwu Yan Automatic Generation Control with Virtual Synchronous Renewables Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Automatic generation control (AGC) economic dispatch renewable energy source (RES) virtual synchronous generator (VSG) |
| title | Automatic Generation Control with Virtual Synchronous Renewables |
| title_full | Automatic Generation Control with Virtual Synchronous Renewables |
| title_fullStr | Automatic Generation Control with Virtual Synchronous Renewables |
| title_full_unstemmed | Automatic Generation Control with Virtual Synchronous Renewables |
| title_short | Automatic Generation Control with Virtual Synchronous Renewables |
| title_sort | automatic generation control with virtual synchronous renewables |
| topic | Automatic generation control (AGC) economic dispatch renewable energy source (RES) virtual synchronous generator (VSG) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9712246/ |
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