Protective Effects of Choline against Inflammatory Cytokines and Characterization of Transport in Motor Neuron-like Cell Lines (NSC-34)
Choline, a component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, is essential for nervous system functions, brain development, and gene expression. In our study, we investigated the protective effect and transport characteristics of choline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) model cell lines. We used...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/11/2374 |
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| author | Sana Latif Young-Sook Kang |
| author_facet | Sana Latif Young-Sook Kang |
| author_sort | Sana Latif |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Choline, a component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, is essential for nervous system functions, brain development, and gene expression. In our study, we investigated the protective effect and transport characteristics of choline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) model cell lines. We used the wild-type (WT) motor neuron-like hybrid cell line (NSC-34/hSOD1<sup>WT</sup>) as a control and the mutant-type (MT; NSC-34/hSOD1<sup>G93A</sup>) as a disease model. The uptake of [<sup>3</sup>H]choline was time-, pH-, and concentration-dependent. [<sup>3</sup>H]Choline transport was sodium-dependent, and, upon pretreatment with valinomycin, induced membrane depolarization. Gene knockdown of Slc44a1 revealed that choline-like transporter 1 (CTL1) mediates the transport of choline. In NSC-34 cell lines, the specific choline transporter inhibitor, hemicholinium-3 demonstrated significant inhibition. Donepezil and nifedipine caused dose-dependent inhibition of [<sup>3</sup>H]choline uptake by the MT cell line with minimal half inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) values of 0.14 mM and 3.06 mM, respectively. Four-day pretreatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) resulted in an inhibitory effect on [<sup>3</sup>H]choline uptake. Choline exerted protective and compensatory effects against cytokines mediators. Hence, the choline transport system CLT1 may act as a potential target for the delivery of novel pharmacological drugs, and the combination of drugs with choline can help treat symptoms related to ALS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:45:34Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:45:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-f10b462652244284b183979816fa081d2023-11-24T06:21:13ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-11-011411237410.3390/pharmaceutics14112374Protective Effects of Choline against Inflammatory Cytokines and Characterization of Transport in Motor Neuron-like Cell Lines (NSC-34)Sana Latif0Young-Sook Kang1Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, KoreaResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, KoreaCholine, a component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, is essential for nervous system functions, brain development, and gene expression. In our study, we investigated the protective effect and transport characteristics of choline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) model cell lines. We used the wild-type (WT) motor neuron-like hybrid cell line (NSC-34/hSOD1<sup>WT</sup>) as a control and the mutant-type (MT; NSC-34/hSOD1<sup>G93A</sup>) as a disease model. The uptake of [<sup>3</sup>H]choline was time-, pH-, and concentration-dependent. [<sup>3</sup>H]Choline transport was sodium-dependent, and, upon pretreatment with valinomycin, induced membrane depolarization. Gene knockdown of Slc44a1 revealed that choline-like transporter 1 (CTL1) mediates the transport of choline. In NSC-34 cell lines, the specific choline transporter inhibitor, hemicholinium-3 demonstrated significant inhibition. Donepezil and nifedipine caused dose-dependent inhibition of [<sup>3</sup>H]choline uptake by the MT cell line with minimal half inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) values of 0.14 mM and 3.06 mM, respectively. Four-day pretreatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) resulted in an inhibitory effect on [<sup>3</sup>H]choline uptake. Choline exerted protective and compensatory effects against cytokines mediators. Hence, the choline transport system CLT1 may act as a potential target for the delivery of novel pharmacological drugs, and the combination of drugs with choline can help treat symptoms related to ALS.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/11/2374amyotrophic lateral sclerosischolineNSC-34 cell linescholine-like transportersinflammatory cytokinesnerve growth factor |
| spellingShingle | Sana Latif Young-Sook Kang Protective Effects of Choline against Inflammatory Cytokines and Characterization of Transport in Motor Neuron-like Cell Lines (NSC-34) Pharmaceutics amyotrophic lateral sclerosis choline NSC-34 cell lines choline-like transporters inflammatory cytokines nerve growth factor |
| title | Protective Effects of Choline against Inflammatory Cytokines and Characterization of Transport in Motor Neuron-like Cell Lines (NSC-34) |
| title_full | Protective Effects of Choline against Inflammatory Cytokines and Characterization of Transport in Motor Neuron-like Cell Lines (NSC-34) |
| title_fullStr | Protective Effects of Choline against Inflammatory Cytokines and Characterization of Transport in Motor Neuron-like Cell Lines (NSC-34) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effects of Choline against Inflammatory Cytokines and Characterization of Transport in Motor Neuron-like Cell Lines (NSC-34) |
| title_short | Protective Effects of Choline against Inflammatory Cytokines and Characterization of Transport in Motor Neuron-like Cell Lines (NSC-34) |
| title_sort | protective effects of choline against inflammatory cytokines and characterization of transport in motor neuron like cell lines nsc 34 |
| topic | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis choline NSC-34 cell lines choline-like transporters inflammatory cytokines nerve growth factor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/11/2374 |
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