Extensive Adaptive Variation in Gene Expression within and between Closely Related Horseshoe Bats (Chiroptera, <i>Rhinolophus</i>) Revealed by Three Organs
In the process of species differentiation and adaption, the relative influence of natural selection on gene expression variation often remains unclear (especially its impact on phenotypic divergence). In this study, we used differentially expressed genes from brain, cochlea, and liver samples collec...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/23/3432 |
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| author | Jun Li Keping Sun Wentao Dai Haixia Leng Aoqiang Li Jiang Feng |
| author_facet | Jun Li Keping Sun Wentao Dai Haixia Leng Aoqiang Li Jiang Feng |
| author_sort | Jun Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the process of species differentiation and adaption, the relative influence of natural selection on gene expression variation often remains unclear (especially its impact on phenotypic divergence). In this study, we used differentially expressed genes from brain, cochlea, and liver samples collected from two species of bats to determine the gene expression variation forced by natural selection when comparing at the interspecific (<i>Rhinolophus siamensis</i> and <i>R. episcopus episcopus</i>) and the intraspecific (<i>R. e. episcopus</i> and <i>R. episcopus</i> spp.) levels. In both cases, gene expression variation was extensively adaptive (>66.0%) and mainly governed by directional selection, followed by stabilizing selection, and finally balancing selection. The expression variation related to acoustic signals (resting frequency, RF) and body size (forearm length, FA) was also widely governed by natural selection (>69.1%). Different functional patterns of RF- or FA-related adaptive expression variation were found between the two comparisons, which manifested as abundant immune-related regulations between subspecies (indicating a relationship between immune response and phenotypic adaption). Our study verifies the extensive adaptive expression variation between both species and subspecies and provides insight into the effects of natural selection on species differentiation and adaptation as well as phenotypic divergence at the expression level. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:54:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f11084d9e9864a21897bcf2dc671b85b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:54:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-f11084d9e9864a21897bcf2dc671b85b2023-11-24T10:27:03ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-12-011223343210.3390/ani12233432Extensive Adaptive Variation in Gene Expression within and between Closely Related Horseshoe Bats (Chiroptera, <i>Rhinolophus</i>) Revealed by Three OrgansJun Li0Keping Sun1Wentao Dai2Haixia Leng3Aoqiang Li4Jiang Feng5Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, ChinaIn the process of species differentiation and adaption, the relative influence of natural selection on gene expression variation often remains unclear (especially its impact on phenotypic divergence). In this study, we used differentially expressed genes from brain, cochlea, and liver samples collected from two species of bats to determine the gene expression variation forced by natural selection when comparing at the interspecific (<i>Rhinolophus siamensis</i> and <i>R. episcopus episcopus</i>) and the intraspecific (<i>R. e. episcopus</i> and <i>R. episcopus</i> spp.) levels. In both cases, gene expression variation was extensively adaptive (>66.0%) and mainly governed by directional selection, followed by stabilizing selection, and finally balancing selection. The expression variation related to acoustic signals (resting frequency, RF) and body size (forearm length, FA) was also widely governed by natural selection (>69.1%). Different functional patterns of RF- or FA-related adaptive expression variation were found between the two comparisons, which manifested as abundant immune-related regulations between subspecies (indicating a relationship between immune response and phenotypic adaption). Our study verifies the extensive adaptive expression variation between both species and subspecies and provides insight into the effects of natural selection on species differentiation and adaptation as well as phenotypic divergence at the expression level.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/23/3432adaptive expression variationnatural selectionclosely related speciesphenotypebat |
| spellingShingle | Jun Li Keping Sun Wentao Dai Haixia Leng Aoqiang Li Jiang Feng Extensive Adaptive Variation in Gene Expression within and between Closely Related Horseshoe Bats (Chiroptera, <i>Rhinolophus</i>) Revealed by Three Organs Animals adaptive expression variation natural selection closely related species phenotype bat |
| title | Extensive Adaptive Variation in Gene Expression within and between Closely Related Horseshoe Bats (Chiroptera, <i>Rhinolophus</i>) Revealed by Three Organs |
| title_full | Extensive Adaptive Variation in Gene Expression within and between Closely Related Horseshoe Bats (Chiroptera, <i>Rhinolophus</i>) Revealed by Three Organs |
| title_fullStr | Extensive Adaptive Variation in Gene Expression within and between Closely Related Horseshoe Bats (Chiroptera, <i>Rhinolophus</i>) Revealed by Three Organs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extensive Adaptive Variation in Gene Expression within and between Closely Related Horseshoe Bats (Chiroptera, <i>Rhinolophus</i>) Revealed by Three Organs |
| title_short | Extensive Adaptive Variation in Gene Expression within and between Closely Related Horseshoe Bats (Chiroptera, <i>Rhinolophus</i>) Revealed by Three Organs |
| title_sort | extensive adaptive variation in gene expression within and between closely related horseshoe bats chiroptera i rhinolophus i revealed by three organs |
| topic | adaptive expression variation natural selection closely related species phenotype bat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/23/3432 |
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