A Study of the Overall Evolution Behaviors of Pulses and Flares within Gamma-Ray Bursts
Many studies have shown that the X-ray flares in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have similar properties to the prompt emission pulses that occur in GRBs, suggesting that they may come from the same origin. We attempt to extend the evolution behavior that exists among GRBs to within individual GRBs. By sele...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acbe9f |
| _version_ | 1797696513554513920 |
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| author | Dan Zhu Zhao-Yang Peng Jia-Ming Chen Ting Li |
| author_facet | Dan Zhu Zhao-Yang Peng Jia-Ming Chen Ting Li |
| author_sort | Dan Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many studies have shown that the X-ray flares in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have similar properties to the prompt emission pulses that occur in GRBs, suggesting that they may come from the same origin. We attempt to extend the evolution behavior that exists among GRBs to within individual GRBs. By selecting 12 GRBs with both multipulses and multiflares, we systematically study the overall evolution behaviors of the pulses and flares that occur within GRBs, including the width ( w ), peak time ( t _peak ), rise time ( t _rise ), decay time ( t _decay ), and spectral lag. We find that correlated relationships exist within the GRBs, even if the overall evolution slopes of the pulses and flares in different GRBs are different. We also study the relations between the full pulse width ( ω ), the ratio of the rising width to the decay width ( r / d ), and the energy ( E ) of multipulses and multiflares within GRBs. It is found that there is a power-law anticorrelation between ω and E and a power-law correlation between r / d and E , with the mean values of the two power-law indexes being −0.42 and 0.07, respectively, which are very close to the values that are obtained for the prompt emission pulses. In addition, we find that the percentages of the positive lags for pulses and flares are 83% and 92%, respectively, with the lags of the flares being much larger than those of the pulses. Our results indicate that the overall evolution behaviors of the pulses and flares within individual GRBs are similar to the evolution behavior among GRBs, and that flares are low-energy extensions of pulses, providing further evidence that both come from the same origin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:27:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f111201f30af4b4dbbb0d55713ab4adc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:27:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-f111201f30af4b4dbbb0d55713ab4adc2023-09-03T13:30:54ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0194812310.3847/1538-4357/acbe9fA Study of the Overall Evolution Behaviors of Pulses and Flares within Gamma-Ray BurstsDan Zhu0Zhao-Yang Peng1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3846-0988Jia-Ming Chen2Ting Li3College of Physics and Electronics information, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China ; pengzhaoyang412@163.comCollege of Physics and Electronics information, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China ; pengzhaoyang412@163.comCollege of Physics and Electronics information, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China ; pengzhaoyang412@163.comState-owned Assets and Laboratory Management Office, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500, People's Republic of ChinaMany studies have shown that the X-ray flares in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have similar properties to the prompt emission pulses that occur in GRBs, suggesting that they may come from the same origin. We attempt to extend the evolution behavior that exists among GRBs to within individual GRBs. By selecting 12 GRBs with both multipulses and multiflares, we systematically study the overall evolution behaviors of the pulses and flares that occur within GRBs, including the width ( w ), peak time ( t _peak ), rise time ( t _rise ), decay time ( t _decay ), and spectral lag. We find that correlated relationships exist within the GRBs, even if the overall evolution slopes of the pulses and flares in different GRBs are different. We also study the relations between the full pulse width ( ω ), the ratio of the rising width to the decay width ( r / d ), and the energy ( E ) of multipulses and multiflares within GRBs. It is found that there is a power-law anticorrelation between ω and E and a power-law correlation between r / d and E , with the mean values of the two power-law indexes being −0.42 and 0.07, respectively, which are very close to the values that are obtained for the prompt emission pulses. In addition, we find that the percentages of the positive lags for pulses and flares are 83% and 92%, respectively, with the lags of the flares being much larger than those of the pulses. Our results indicate that the overall evolution behaviors of the pulses and flares within individual GRBs are similar to the evolution behavior among GRBs, and that flares are low-energy extensions of pulses, providing further evidence that both come from the same origin.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acbe9fGamma-ray bursts |
| spellingShingle | Dan Zhu Zhao-Yang Peng Jia-Ming Chen Ting Li A Study of the Overall Evolution Behaviors of Pulses and Flares within Gamma-Ray Bursts The Astrophysical Journal Gamma-ray bursts |
| title | A Study of the Overall Evolution Behaviors of Pulses and Flares within Gamma-Ray Bursts |
| title_full | A Study of the Overall Evolution Behaviors of Pulses and Flares within Gamma-Ray Bursts |
| title_fullStr | A Study of the Overall Evolution Behaviors of Pulses and Flares within Gamma-Ray Bursts |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Study of the Overall Evolution Behaviors of Pulses and Flares within Gamma-Ray Bursts |
| title_short | A Study of the Overall Evolution Behaviors of Pulses and Flares within Gamma-Ray Bursts |
| title_sort | study of the overall evolution behaviors of pulses and flares within gamma ray bursts |
| topic | Gamma-ray bursts |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acbe9f |
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